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Li Ao
Li Ao
李敖
	Li Ao at Fayuan Temple in Beijing in 2005
Member of the Legislative Yuan
	In office; 1 February 2005 – 31 January 2008
Constituency	Taipei 2
Personal details
Born	25 April 1935; Harbin, Manchukuo
Died	18 March 2018 (aged 82); Taipei, Taiwan
Cause of death	Brain tumor
Spouses	; Terry Hu (m. 1980; div. 1980) ; Wang Zhihui (m. 1992)
Children	Hedy Lee [zh] (1964, daughter); Li Kan [zh] (1992, son); Li Chen (1994, daughter)
Parent(s)	Li Dingyi; Zhang Kuichen
Education	National Taiwan University (BA, MA)
Occupation	Writer, social commentator, historian, independent politician
Known for	Civil rights movement, Activism, Chinese culture criticism
Courtesy name	Aozhi (敖之) (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ngô͘ Chi)

Li Ao (Chinese: 李敖; pinyin: Lǐ Áo; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lí Ngô͘, also spelled Lee Ao; 25 April 1935 – 18 March 2018) was a Chinese-Taiwanese writer, historian and independent politician.^[1]

Li rose to prominence in the early 1960s through his articles in Wenxing (1957–1988), an intellectual Taiwanese magazine where he defended Hu Shih, criticized traditional Chinese culture, and advocated for complete Westernization, igniting a cultural debate over Chinese and Western ideologies. During the 1970s, he became active in the pro-democracy Tangwai movement, which resulted in two prison sentences as a political prisoner.

After martial law was lifted in Taiwan in 1987, Li frequently ran for public office. In 2000, he ran for the presidency of Taiwan as the New Party candidate. From 2004 to 2008, he served as an independent legislator in the Legislative Yuan. After leaving office, Li focused on writing and teaching, and became a media personality hosting shows such as Li Ao Speaks His Mind (李敖有话说) and Li Ao's Wit and Humor (李敖语妙天下).

Over his career, Li espoused liberalism, Chinese nationalist ideals, anti-American and anti-Japanese sentiments. A prominent critic of the Chiang family and the Kuomintang's authoritarian rule in Taiwan, following the democratization in the late 1980s, he also criticized the Democratic Progressive Party and the Taiwanese independence movement. In his later years, Li praised the Chinese Communist Party for revitalizing China but also condemned its authoritarianism.

Early life and education

Li was born in Harbin, Manchukuo to Li Dingyi (李鼎彝), a professor of Chinese, and Zhang Kuichen (張桂貞).^[1] His family had ancestry in Wei County (modern-day Weifang), Shandong Province, and Fuyu County, Jilin Province. When Li was two years old, the family moved to Beijing, where Li's father worked in the government's opium suppression bureau.^[2]

There, Li's father was accused of being a traitor to the Kuomintang by his superiors.^[2] Li then began feeling enmity towards the party.^[2] The entire Li family, except for two children, moved to Taiwan at the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949.^[1] Li received his bachelor's degree in history from National Taiwan University (NTU) in 1959.^[3] In 1963, he earned a master's degree in history from NTU. As a graduate student, he was the executive editor of the magazine Wenxing.^[4]

Dissident writer

Li participated in the democratic movement in Taiwan between the 1960s and 1980s. In the 1960s, he was the editor-in-chief of Wenxing (文星), a magazine that promoted democracy and personal freedom.^[1]

He was jailed by the Kuomintang government from 1971 to 1976,^[5] for helping a pro-Taiwan independence legal scholar, Peng Ming-min, escape to Japan in 1970;^[6] even though Li himself had a long history of being an advocate of reunification. Li was also imprisoned from 1981 to 1982 over a dispute with a former employer.^[7]

Throughout the 1970s, Li received much international attention for his imprisonment. He was highlighted by Amnesty International as one of the three most important political prisoners in Taiwan in 1974.

After his release, Li continued to publish articles in magazines and newspapers, criticizing the Kuomintang government. Ninety-six of his books were banned in Taiwan until 1991.^[8] In the 1980s he also sponsored numerous anti-Kuomintang magazines.

His novel Mountaintop Love (上山．上山．愛), about a mother and a daughter who fall in love with the same man, though several years apart, established Li's status as a prominent novelist. His novel Martyrs' Shrine: The Story of the Reform Movement of 1898 in China (北京法源寺), is about the beginning and the failure of the Hundred Days' Reform. Li also published his autobiography in 2001, revealing more than ten of his romantic affairs.^[8] However, the bulk of his work is non-fiction and consists mainly of essays and historical commentaries.

Entry into politics

Li participated in the presidential election in 2000 as a candidate for the New Party. Li usually played the role of a political gadfly, and his campaign was largely symbolic. He took the election as an opportunity to "educate" the people of Taiwan. Both Li^[9] and his party^{[citation needed]} publicly encouraged people to vote for James Soong. During the presidential debates, Li even stated that he was not planning to vote for himself and that people should vote for Soong.

2000 Republic of China Presidential Election Result
Political affiliation		Candidate		Votes
Political affiliation		President	Vice President	Total votes	Percentage
	Democratic Progressive Party	Chen Shui-bian	Annette Lu	4,977,737	39.3%
	Independent	James Soong	Chang Chau-hsiung	4,664,932	36.8%
	Kuomintang	Lien Chan	Vincent Siew	2,925,513	23.1%
	Independent	Hsu Hsin-liang	Josephine Chu	79,429	0.63%
	New Party	Li Ao	Elmer Fung	16,782	0.13%
Total				12,786,671	82.69% voter turnout
Valid votes				12,664,393
Invalid votes				122,278

Since the 2000 presidential election, Li had bitterly spoken out against pro-independence Nobel laureate Yuan T. Lee, who publicly supported Chen Shui-bian. He also accused former President Lee Teng-hui of corruption. In October 2004, Li ran in the December 11 legislative election as a non-partisan candidate of the South Taipei constituency, and was subsequently elected to be the last winning place. He took office as an independent legislator on 1 February 2005.

In February 2005, Li held a press conference, accusing the PFP leader, James Soong of having changed his opposition towards military weapons purchase from the United States under the influence of people of pro-American inclination, people with CIA backgrounds and arms traders who would receive kick-backs. Li threatened Soong that he would reveal the names of the people with CIA backgrounds, who were influencing Soong, to the general public unless Soong reverted to his previous opposition position.^[10] PFP legislators dismissed the accusation and responded that Li Ao should reveal his evidence to support his story.^[11]

Later that year, in June, Li claimed to the Taiwanese press that he had exclusive information from the CIA concerning the 3-19 shooting incident.^{[citation needed]} He alleged that the real motive of the killer was to assassinate the Vice-President Annette Lu in order to garner sympathy votes for Chen Shui-bian, and that the killer had been condoned by the governing party for ulterior political reasons. After flashing several allegedly CIA-endorsed documents to reporters, he mailed them to Annette Lu, claiming that she needed to know the truth about the assassination attempt to the full extent.^{[citation needed]}

On 19 September 2005, Li returned to Mainland China for the first time in 56 years.^{[citation needed]} He was invited to give speeches at Peking University, Tsinghua University and Fudan University where he was warmly received, and the trip was claimed to have had significant impact on observers of Cross-Strait relations.^[12]^[13]^[14]

Li was a candidate for the 2006 Taipei Mayoral election, and a candidate for the 2012 Legislative Yuan elections, campaigning in Taipei City District 8 under the People First Party (PFP) banner. Li also satirized Mao Zedong's Little Red Book in his article.

2006 Taipei City Mayoral Election Result
No	Candidate	Party	Votes	%
1	Li Ao	Independent	7,795	0.61%
2	Clara Chou^[a]	Taiwan Solidarity Union	3,372	0.26%
3	Frank Hsieh	Democratic Progressive Party	525,869	40.89%
4	James Soong^[b]	Independent	53,281	4.14%
5	Hau Lung-pin	Kuomintang	692,085	53.81%
6	Ke Tsi-hai	Independent	3,687	0.29%

On 24 October 2006, Li sprayed tear gas and wielded a stun gun during a Legislative Yuan National Defense Committee meeting, forcing several members of the parliament to flee. He was attempting to stop debate on purchasing attack submarines and Patriot anti-aircraft missiles for $16 billion from the U.S.^[17] He was also wearing the Guy Fawkes mask from V for Vendetta.^[18]

Personal life

Li has a reputation of a womanizer. In the early 1960s, Li cohabited with Wang Shangqin, a National Taiwan University student and the younger sister of the writer Wang Shangyi. In 1964, Wang went to the United States for study, only to discover that she was pregnant with Li’s child. She gave birth to their daughter, Hedy W. Lee, out of wedlock in Seattle. However, during Wang Shangqin’s pregnancy, Li Ao became romantically involved with another woman, Wu Haidi. In 1966, Wang brought their daughter to Taiwan and briefly reconciled with Li, but their relationship ultimately ended due to his involvement with multiple other women.^[19] Wang has acrimonious relationships with both Li and their daughter Lee thereafter. After she returned to the US from Taiwan, she remarried Wen Naijian, an engineer. Lee, in a book published in 2004, accused Wen, her stepfather, of molesting her when she was 14, which Wang denied.^[20]

On 6 May 1980, Li married Taiwanese actress Terry Hu. Their love story even featured in Time.^[21] The couple divorced on 28 August 1980, after 115 days in total.^[22]^[23]

On 8 March 1992, Li married his second wife, Wang Zhihui (王志慧). They had one son and one daughter. Their son, Li Kan (李戡), graduated with a BA degree in history from Peking University and is a PhD student in Chinese Studies at University of Cambridge^[24]^[25] .^[26]^[27]

Notes

^ Despite Chou's expulsion from the Taiwan Solidarity Union on November 9, 2006, the party could not withdraw their recommendation for Chou under Republic of China's Public Officials Election and Recall Law. She would still contest the elections as a TSU candidate.^[15]
^ James Soong was Chairman of the People's First Party at the time of the elections, but entered the elections as an independent.^[16]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Huang Ming (黄明), ed. (20 March 2018). 李敖：对抗整个时代的“骂将” [Li Ao: a "general" against the whole age]. Wencui (《文萃》) (in Chinese). 2705. Changsha: Hunan Daily: 16.
^ ^a ^b ^c Qin, Amy (26 March 2018). "Li Ao, Writer and Political Firebrand in Taiwan, Dies at 82". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ Hwang, Jim (1 March 2000). "Li Ao (New Party): Exposing the Dark Side". Free China Review. Taiwan Today. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
^ "Who's Who in the ROC" (PDF). Executive Yuan. p. 408. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
^ Butterfield, Fox (1977-04-09). "Chiang's Son Has Tightened Hold on Taiwan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
^ Loa Iok-Sin (2008-09-21). "Peng tells details of escape from KMT". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
^ Auto, Hermes (19 March 2018). "Li Ao dies: Taiwan's self-proclaimed 'No. 1 writer of banned books', TV star and politician led a rich life | The Straits Times". www.straitstimes.com. The Straits Times. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Li Ao". en.chinaculture.org. Retrieved 2021-02-17.
^ Prelypchan, Erin (2000-03-12). "Li Ao backs Soong, but Hsu hangs on". p. 2. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
^ 中廣新聞網 (February 24, 2005). "李敖警告宋楚瑜軍購別鬆手否則爆出身邊CIA臥底". news.yam.com. Archived from the original on May 6, 2005.
^ 中廣新聞網 (February 24, 2005). "親民黨立委：李敖有證據就直接講". news.yam.com.
^ China Lectured by Taiwan Ally, New York Times, September 23, 2005
^ Gadfly Taiwan writer calls for more academic freedom in address to mainland students, Associated Press, September 21, 2005
^ Li Ao's Speech At Beijing University, English translation
^ "TSU expels Taipei mayoral candidate". China Post. November 10, 2006. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
^ Shih, Hsiu-chuan (December 10, 2006). "Elections 2006: People First Party chairman announces an end to his career". Taipei Times. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
^ "BBC NEWS - Asia-Pacific - Taiwan MP in 'tear gas' protest". 24 October 2006.
^ News.163.com: Li Ao wears gas mask and sprays tear gas in Legislative Yuan (in Chinese)
^ 请不要叫我“李敖的女儿” Retrieved 2017-03-21
^ "《我和李敖一起骂》（节）". www.chinanews.com.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-26.
^ 胡因梦: 此生和李敖纠缠不清 Retrieved 2017-03-21
^ 难忘美人前妻胡因梦李敖感性祝其生日快乐(图) (in Chinese). Xinhuanet. Archived from the original on 2014-03-29.
^ 李敖忆与前妻胡因梦旧情揭上世纪台湾四大美女(图) (in Chinese). CRL.
^ Kan Lee - Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies Retrieved 2017-04-28
^ Xiong Qixia (November 12, 2016). 李昕：我写李敖没有为他打抱不平的意思. 晶报 (in Chinese).
^ 李敖儿子北大毕业出书李敖现身撑台赞其天才 Retrieved 2017-03-21
^ 李敖李戡妙语连珠 Retrieved 2017-03-21

[16] Despite Chou's expulsion from the Taiwan Solidarity Union on November 9, 2006, the party could not withdraw their recommendation for Chou under Republic of China's Public Officials Election and Recall Law. She would still contest the elections as a TSU candidate.^[15]

[18] James Soong was Chairman of the People's First Party at the time of the elections, but entered the elections as an independent.^[16]

[wencui-1] Huang Ming (黄明), ed. (20 March 2018). 李敖：对抗整个时代的“骂将” [Li Ao: a "general" against the whole age]. Wencui (《文萃》) (in Chinese). 2705. Changsha: Hunan Daily: 16.

[NYTobit-2] Qin, Amy (26 March 2018). "Li Ao, Writer and Political Firebrand in Taiwan, Dies at 82". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 March 2018.

[3] Hwang, Jim (1 March 2000). "Li Ao (New Party): Exposing the Dark Side". Free China Review. Taiwan Today. Retrieved September 17, 2015.

[4] "Who's Who in the ROC" (PDF). Executive Yuan. p. 408. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2016.

[5] Butterfield, Fox (1977-04-09). "Chiang's Son Has Tightened Hold on Taiwan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-06-15.

[6] Loa Iok-Sin (2008-09-21). "Peng tells details of escape from KMT". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2017-06-15.

[:0-7] Auto, Hermes (19 March 2018). "Li Ao dies: Taiwan's self-proclaimed 'No. 1 writer of banned books', TV star and politician led a rich life | The Straits Times". www.straitstimes.com. The Straits Times. Retrieved 26 October 2022.

[Li_Ao-8] "Li Ao". en.chinaculture.org. Retrieved 2021-02-17.

[9] Prelypchan, Erin (2000-03-12). "Li Ao backs Soong, but Hsu hangs on". p. 2. Retrieved 2024-06-18.

[10] 中廣新聞網 (February 24, 2005). "李敖警告宋楚瑜軍購別鬆手否則爆出身邊CIA臥底". news.yam.com. Archived from the original on May 6, 2005.

[11] 中廣新聞網 (February 24, 2005). "親民黨立委：李敖有證據就直接講". news.yam.com.

[12] China Lectured by Taiwan Ally, New York Times, September 23, 2005

[13] Gadfly Taiwan writer calls for more academic freedom in address to mainland students, Associated Press, September 21, 2005

[14] Li Ao's Speech At Beijing University, English translation

[15] "TSU expels Taipei mayoral candidate". China Post. November 10, 2006. Retrieved January 16, 2015.

[17] Shih, Hsiu-chuan (December 10, 2006). "Elections 2006: People First Party chairman announces an end to his career". Taipei Times. Retrieved January 16, 2015.

[19] "BBC NEWS - Asia-Pacific - Taiwan MP in 'tear gas' protest". 24 October 2006.

[20] News.163.com: Li Ao wears gas mask and sprays tear gas in Legislative Yuan (in Chinese)

[21] 请不要叫我“李敖的女儿” Retrieved 2017-03-21

[22] "《我和李敖一起骂》（节）". www.chinanews.com.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-26.

[23] 胡因梦: 此生和李敖纠缠不清 Retrieved 2017-03-21

[24] 难忘美人前妻胡因梦李敖感性祝其生日快乐(图) (in Chinese). Xinhuanet. Archived from the original on 2014-03-29.

[25] 李敖忆与前妻胡因梦旧情揭上世纪台湾四大美女(图) (in Chinese). CRL.

[26] Kan Lee - Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies Retrieved 2017-04-28

[27] Xiong Qixia (November 12, 2016). 李昕：我写李敖没有为他打抱不平的意思. 晶报 (in Chinese).

[28] 李敖儿子北大毕业出书李敖现身撑台赞其天才 Retrieved 2017-03-21

[29] 李敖李戡妙语连珠 Retrieved 2017-03-21

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Li Ao

Early life and education

Dissident writer

Entry into politics

Personal life

Notes

References

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