Leonilla Ivanovna Baryatinskaya, Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (Russian: Леонилла Ивановна Барятинская; 9 May 1816 – 1 February 1918), was a Russian aristocrat who married Ludwig, Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn. She was the subject of a number of portraits by Franz Xaver Winterhalter.
Fyodor (Friedrich) (1836–1909), a major in the Russian service, in January 1880. He married a commoner, Wilhelmina Hagen, renounced his princely title and took the name of Count von Altenkirchen
Ludwig (baptized with the name Leo) Lvovich (7 March 1843, Paris – 1876), died unmarried.
Alexander (1847–1940), in 1883 renounced the princely title, and took the name of Count von Hohenburg, was married three times, including the daughter of the collector of antiques Duke de Blacas. The Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn family is now headed by his great-grandson Alexander (born 1943).
Her beauty created an impression at the Russian court, but her husband fell from favor, perhaps because his liberal treatment of his serfs. They left Russia in 1848. Ludwig received, as a present from King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia, the former family seat Sayn Castle, which had been destroyed in the Thirty Years' War. With the purchase of a former knight's manor in Sayn, he gained the title of Prince (Fürst) zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn. They had extensive landholdings in the Russian Empire. Among their properties were Pavlino, Kamenka, south of Kiev, and Werki, in what is now Lithuania. Leonilla, who converted to Catholicism from Russian Orthodoxy, preferred Rome and Paris, where she witnessed the pillage of the Tuileries in 1848. The princely family moved from country to country with the seasons, taking with them their children, pets, servants and tutors.[citation needed]
Ludwig and Leonilla owned the former Baroque manor of the Counts of Boos-Waldeck below Sayn Castle reconstructed into a princely residence in Gothic Revival style. Their youngest son Alexander married Yvonne, daughter of the French Duke of Blacas, and inherited Sayn after the morganatic marriages of his older brothers Peter, Friedrich and Ludwig. After his wife's early death, he remarried and spent his life as Count of Hachenburg in the former family residences in Hachenburg and Friedewald in the Westerwald. Princess Leonilla operated a monarchist and Catholic salon and died in 1918 at the age of 101 at her villa of Mon Abri on Lake Geneva, Switzerland.[1] She was one of the longest-lived members of any royal family.[2]
Conversion to Roman Catholicism
On 24 June 1847, with the consent of her husband, Leonilla converted from Orthodoxy to Catholicism. His faith had always influenced her. Once she was widowed, she devoted even more to philanthropic works[3] and philanthropy.[4]
In 1876, at a time when the exercise of the Catholic faith was not yet fully authorized in the canton of Vaud, she built on her property a private chapel, which became in 1912 the parish church of the Sacred Heart of Ouchy.[5] Her funeral was held in this church on 5 February 1918.[6]
Winterhalter's portraits
Leonilla Bariatinskaya Princess of Sayn Wittgenstein Sayn (1843), oil on canvas, 142 × 212 cm, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.
Known for her great beauty and intellect, Leonilla was the subject of a number of portraits by Franz Xaver Winterhalter.[1] The most famous of these is the one currently at the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles. It is signed and dated in 1843 in the pillar on the right. Winterhalter opted for a daring portrait, unusual in his oeuvre, both in conception and format.[1]
She appears reclined on a low Turkish sofa on a veranda overlooking a lush tropical landscape, possibly the Wittgenstein palace in the Crimea, even though the portrait was painted in Paris. Her pose is reminiscent of harem scenes and odalisque. It was probably inspired by Jacques-Louis David's portrait of Madame Récamier (1800) and Ingres'sGrande Odalisque (1819). Leonilla is wearing a luxurious gown of ivory silk moiré, with a pink sash around her waist. A deep purple mantle wraps around her back and falls across her arms. She gazes languidly at the viewer while she toys with the large pearls around her neck in an indolent gesture, reinforcing the sensuality of the model. Winterhalter contrasted the sumptuous fabrics and vivid colors against the princess's alabaster flesh to heighten the sensuality of the pose, the model, and the luxuriant setting.[1] The oval portrait is also signed but not dated. Its dimensions are 97 × 79 cm, and it still belongs to the princess's descendants. It was painted years earlier, probably in 1836 in Rome, when Winterhalter met the Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn and her husband and made portraits of both of them. Leonilla appears wearing a loose bodice, blue-lined with scarlet, over a white skirt.[7] She has a black lace scarf draped around her shoulders. She is wearing pearl earrings and necklace. She is seated, with one hand in her lap, the index finger of the other rest on her chin in a confident gesture.[7]
^Bernard Secretan, Église et vie catholiques à Lausanne du XIXe siècle à nos jours (Lausanne: Bibliothèque historique vaudoise, 2005); (ISBN2884541276), pp. 300-304.
^ abOrmond & Blackett-Ord, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, pg. 189.
References
Ormond, Richard, and Blackett-Ord, Carol, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, 1830–70, Exhibition catalogue. National Portrait Gallery, London, 1987. ISBN0-8109-3964-9
Meraviglie dal palazzo: dipinti, disegni e arredi della collezione Wittgenstein-Bariatinsky da Palazzo Chigi in Ariccia ; [Ariccia, Palazzo Chigi, 25 novembre 2011-29 gennaio 2012], edited by Daniele Petrucci and Francesco Petrucci. Roma: Gangemi, 2011. ISBN9788849222609
