Le Moule

Le Moule
Commune
The church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste, in Le Moule
The church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste, in Le Moule
Coat of arms of Le Moule
Coat of arms
Location of the commune (in red) within Guadeloupe
Location of the commune (in red) within Guadeloupe
Location of Le Moule
Map
Coordinates: 16°19′50″N 61°20′40″W / 16.3306°N 61.3444°W / 16.3306; -61.3444
CountryFrance
Overseas region and departmentGuadeloupe
ArrondissementPointe-à-Pitre
CantonLe Moule
IntercommunalityCA Nord Grande-Terre
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Gabrielle Louis-Carabin[1]
Area
1
82.84 km2 (31.98 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[2]
22,645
 • Density270/km2 (710/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−04:00 (AST)
INSEE/Postal code
97117 /97160
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Le Moule (French pronunciation: [lə mul]; Guadeloupean Creole: Moul) is the sixth-largest commune in the French overseas department of Guadeloupe. It is located on the northeast side of the island of Grande-Terre.

History

Beginning 1635 with the arrival of the French and during the 17th century, the village was called Portland. The principal part of the city was located on the actual site of Autre Bord, towards the east. During the 18th century, the city became the stronghold for colonial aristocracy and the center moved to the left bank of river Audoin. This was thanks to the development of sugar cane and for a better placement of the port on the Atlantic Ocean. A lot of important construction took place to protect and improve the city, one of which was a breakwater ("mole" in French) that gave the city its new name, Le Moule, that became Guadeloupe's main commercial port. On September 20, 1828, Le Moule received rights to export its commodities to the metropolitan France without going through Pointe à Pitre. Thus having direct contact with French territory, it became a target for the British fleet during the Napoleon war at the beginning of the 19th century. The heroic battle of 1809 remains a historic date for Guadeloupe.

In practice, all sugar cane, sugar and rum produced in Grande Terre were shipped from Le Moule's port. Consequently, the city enjoyed a flourishing commerce that was further supplemented by shipments of coffee, cotton, fertilizer, coal, building material and spare parts.

During the first half of the 19th century with its numerous refineries and plantations (at first about 30, then about 100), the planters lived a self-sufficient lifestyle farming sugar cane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, spices and other essential food products, thus dominating Guadeloupean economics during the 1850s. After that, they experienced many financial collapses because of failed crops, abolition of slavery, the production of better sugar in Europe and the very strict "colonial pact". Shared farming has become necessary as well as industrial modernization, and steam machines replaced traditional windmills. The sugar crises forced a new decision. In 1901, only four refineries survived: Duchassaing, Zévallos, Marly and Gardel. Le Moule's port lost its place of dominance to Pointe à Pitre, the center of commerce shifted and the city fell into solitude.

The devastating cyclone of 1928 was the sounding force and the point of return for the community. The city not only rose from its ruins thanks to Mayor Charles Romana, but it also constructed new buildings: the townhouse, schools, churches, roads and parks.

In 2002, Gabrielle Louis-Carabin became the mayor of Le Moule, and is also a member of the general council of Guadeloupe.

Le Moule's history, the richest on the island, enabled it to maintain many remains and relics, and to develop centers of interest around them.

Geography

Le Moule is on Grand-Terre Island. The island is a limestone plateau. The city extends along the north shore of the Atlantic coast, 51 km (32 mi) northeast of Pointe-a-Pitre. The settlements in the commune of Le Moule include Boisvin, Conchou, Gardel, Guenette, Laureal, Lemercier, Mahaudiere, Palais-Sainte-Marguerite, Portland, La Rosette, Saint-Marguerite and Zevallos.[citation needed]

Climate

Le Moule is on the island of Guadeloupe in Caribbean, near the Equator. The town experiences warm/hot temperatures at day and cool temperatures at night. The temperature range at daytime vary between 80 °F (27 °C) to 84 °F (29 °C) between October–May & 84 °F (29 °C) to 90 °F (32 °C), sometimes above 90 °F (32 °C) between. The heat and humidity are higher from July to October.

Climate data for Le Moule (Laureal, altitude 24m, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1994–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 31.0
(87.8) 		31.5
(88.7) 		31.7
(89.1) 		32.2
(90.0) 		32.8
(91.0) 		33.0
(91.4) 		32.9
(91.2) 		34.0
(93.2) 		33.4
(92.1) 		33.2
(91.8) 		32.1
(89.8) 		31.5
(88.7) 		34.0
(93.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.4
(83.1) 		28.5
(83.3) 		28.9
(84.0) 		29.6
(85.3) 		30.4
(86.7) 		30.7
(87.3) 		30.9
(87.6) 		31.1
(88.0) 		31.0
(87.8) 		30.6
(87.1) 		29.7
(85.5) 		28.9
(84.0) 		29.9
(85.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25.1
(77.2) 		25.1
(77.2) 		25.4
(77.7) 		26.2
(79.2) 		27.1
(80.8) 		27.8
(82.0) 		27.9
(82.2) 		28.0
(82.4) 		27.5
(81.5) 		27.1
(80.8) 		26.4
(79.5) 		25.8
(78.4) 		26.6
(79.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 21.8
(71.2) 		21.7
(71.1) 		21.9
(71.4) 		22.8
(73.0) 		23.8
(74.8) 		24.8
(76.6) 		25.0
(77.0) 		24.8
(76.6) 		24.0
(75.2) 		23.6
(74.5) 		23.1
(73.6) 		22.6
(72.7) 		23.3
(73.9)
Record low °C (°F) 15.5
(59.9) 		14.9
(58.8) 		16.2
(61.2) 		17.1
(62.8) 		19.3
(66.7) 		19.6
(67.3) 		21.3
(70.3) 		21.1
(70.0) 		21.1
(70.0) 		19.7
(67.5) 		17.5
(63.5) 		17.7
(63.9) 		14.9
(58.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 78.2
(3.08) 		49.5
(1.95) 		67.6
(2.66) 		85.4
(3.36) 		108.1
(4.26) 		91.2
(3.59) 		111.5
(4.39) 		141.1
(5.56) 		158.2
(6.23) 		179.2
(7.06) 		178.8
(7.04) 		114.4
(4.50) 		1,363.2
(53.67)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 14.0 11.4 10.5 12.2 12.1 11.9 15.2 15.9 14.7 16.3 15.4 16.4 165.8
Source: Météo-France[3]
Climate data for Le Moule (Gardel-Inra, altitude 30m, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1991–2022)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 31.1
(88.0) 		31.8
(89.2) 		32.2
(90.0) 		32.8
(91.0) 		33.4
(92.1) 		33.3
(91.9) 		32.8
(91.0) 		33.7
(92.7) 		34.0
(93.2) 		33.8
(92.8) 		32.7
(90.9) 		32.3
(90.1) 		34.0
(93.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.4
(83.1) 		28.4
(83.1) 		29.0
(84.2) 		29.6
(85.3) 		30.3
(86.5) 		30.7
(87.3) 		30.8
(87.4) 		31.2
(88.2) 		31.2
(88.2) 		30.8
(87.4) 		29.9
(85.8) 		28.9
(84.0) 		29.9
(85.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25.1
(77.2) 		25.0
(77.0) 		25.5
(77.9) 		26.2
(79.2) 		27.1
(80.8) 		27.7
(81.9) 		27.8
(82.0) 		27.9
(82.2) 		27.6
(81.7) 		27.2
(81.0) 		26.5
(79.7) 		25.7
(78.3) 		26.6
(79.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 21.9
(71.4) 		21.6
(70.9) 		22.0
(71.6) 		22.8
(73.0) 		23.8
(74.8) 		24.7
(76.5) 		24.8
(76.6) 		24.7
(76.5) 		24.0
(75.2) 		23.6
(74.5) 		23.1
(73.6) 		22.5
(72.5) 		23.3
(73.9)
Record low °C (°F) 15.9
(60.6) 		15.6
(60.1) 		16.4
(61.5) 		17.1
(62.8) 		19.7
(67.5) 		20.6
(69.1) 		21.6
(70.9) 		21.0
(69.8) 		20.9
(69.6) 		20.0
(68.0) 		17.3
(63.1) 		15.7
(60.3) 		15.6
(60.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 78.0
(3.07) 		47.3
(1.86) 		56.6
(2.23) 		86.5
(3.41) 		102.6
(4.04) 		86.5
(3.41) 		105.9
(4.17) 		120.6
(4.75) 		162.3
(6.39) 		178.5
(7.03) 		175.6
(6.91) 		125.7
(4.95) 		1,326.1
(52.21)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 15.3 11.5 10.1 10.8 11.8 13.0 14.8 16.4 16.0 16.8 15.2 16.1 167.7
Source: Météo France[4]

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1967 16,111—    
1974 16,705+0.52%
1982 15,224−1.15%
1990 18,054+2.15%
1999 20,827+1.60%
2007 21,318+0.29%
2012 22,689+1.25%
2017 22,150−0.48%
Source: INSEE[5]

Economy

Le Moule was a sugar port in the 17th-18th centuries. Now tourism has boomed and there are some seaside resorts on nearby beaches. There are two distilleries nearby. Agriculture is predominantly spread around Le Moule with fields growing bananas, sugarcane and livestock rearing.

Education

Public preschools include:[6]

  • Ecole maternelle Debibakas Albert
  • Ecole maternelle Laura Flessel
  • Ecole maternelle Château Gaillard
  • Ecole maternelle Soliveau Laure-Laurent
  • Ecole maternelle Vitalle Laurette
  • Ecole maternelle Dupuits Marie-Eva
  • Ecole maternelle Sainte Marguerite

Public primary and elementary schools include:[6]

  • Ecole primaire Debibakas Albert
  • Ecole primaire Adélaïde Amédée
  • Ecole primaire Girard Aristide
  • Ecole primaire Boisvin
  • Ecole primaire Cocoyer
  • Ecole primaire Grands-Fonds
  • Ecole primaire Lacroix
  • Ecole élémentaire Jean Galleron

Private primary schools include:[6]

  • Ecole primaire privée Externat Saint Joseph du Moule

Public junior high schools include:[7]

  • Collège Général de Gaulle
  • Collège Guénette

Public senior high schools include:[7]

Private secondary schools under contract:[8]

Zévallos Plantation
The old port
The city hall
Le Moule surf spot

Sights

There are an array of sights to see either in or around Le Moule.

The Damoiseau Distillery is in Bellevue in the middle of a sugar cane field. Production is limited to white rum, old vintage rum and punches, all of which have received numerous awards for their quality.

The Gardel Plant was built under the reconstruction plan for the agriculture sector in 1870, after the historic financial collapse. It is owned by Générale Sucrière, the world leader in the sugar refinery industry. It is the sole refinery on the main island of Guadeloupe and, consequently, a symbol. Its installation in the epicenter of sugar cane plantations affords heavy production from March to July.

The Ouatibi-Tibi Archaeological Park is situated in Morel on 7 hectares of beach that run alongside the lagoon. This is a place for taking strolls, for relaxing and meditating. It is intensely rich in culture and is composed of three sites: a memorial center, an archaeological center and a recreation center.

The Edgar Clerc Museum is a prehistoric pre-Columbian and Amerindian museum unique to the island. It is located west of the city. It showcases the traditions of the Tainos, Caribs, Arawaks and the Caribbean peoples through its collections of pottery and tools found at the diggings of the archaeological park in Morel.[9][10]

The town hall was reconstructed after the 1928 cyclone by Ali Tur (son of a high ranking government official). Its massive round forms protect it from the natural elements.

In the Moulian countryside are many windmills in sugarcane fields. These were indispensable for grinning the sugar cane before the arrival of steam machines that had larger flat capacity grinners.[clarification needed] Dating back to the 18th century, some are still well maintained. The "tour des moulins" (trail of windmills) makes a pleasant route for mountain bike practice.

The Church of Saint Jean Baptiste was constructed in the form of a Latin cross, a neoclassic inspiration. Since its reconstruction in 1840, it has resisted numerous cyclones. Its exceptional ventilation system preserves, wholly intact, a woody decor in pastel tones.

There are many hotels and restaurants which serve French, Continental, Creole and American dishes. There are also a couple of beaches: L'Autre Bord, a sea-grape shaded beach on the way into Le Moule, and Plage des Baies, about 1 km (0.62 mi) north, which forms a shallow bay ideal for swimmers.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ "Fiche Climatologique Statistiques 1991-2020 et records" (PDF) (in French). Météo-France. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  4. ^ "Le Moule Gardel–Inra (971)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records (in French). Meteo France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  5. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  6. ^ a b c "LISTE DES ECOLES PUBLIQUES ET PRIVEES SOUS CONTRAT." Académie de la Guadeloupe [fr]. Retrieved on 10 March 2018.
  7. ^ a b "Établissements du 2nd degré PUBLIC 2017-2018." Académie de la Guadeloupe [fr]. Retrieved on 10 March 2018.
  8. ^ "Etablissements du 2nd degré privé sous contrat 2017-2018."Académie de la Guadeloupe [fr]. Retrieved on 10 March 2018.
  9. ^ Kay Showker. Caribbean Ports of Call: A Guide for Today's Cruise Passengers. Globe Pequot Press; February 2004. ISBN 978-0-7627-2823-7. p. 171.
  10. ^ Alfred Neumann. The Caribbean: The Lesser Antilles. Nelles; 1986. ISBN 978-3-88618-112-4. p. 135.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Le Moule.

Read other articles:

Mýrasýsla

MýrasýslaCountyCounty di IslandiaNegara IslandiaRegionVesturlandZona waktuUTC+0 (GMT) Mýrasýsla adalah sebuah county di Islandia. County ini terletak di region Vesturland. Satu-satunya kota di county ini ialah Borgarnes. lbsRegion dan County di IslandiaWilayah Statistik           County TradisionalWilayah Ibu KotaKjósarsýslaSemenanjung SelatanGullbringusýslaRegion BaratBorgarfjarðarsýsla · Dalasýsla · Mýrasýsla · ...

 

Grüner See

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. Grüner See (secara harfiah berarti Danau Hijau) dapat mengacu kepada: Grüner See (Steiermark), di dekat Tragöß, Austria Grüner See (Niedersachsen) Grüner See (Hundelshausen) Halaman disambiguasi ini berisi artikel dengan judul yang sering dikait...

 

Nasi kabaka

Nasi kabaka masakan asal Kota Padang Panjang Nasi kabaka adalah kuliner asal Kota Padang Panjang, Sumatera Barat yang berarti nasi untuk bekal. Nasi kabaka ini dibungkus secara padat dengan daun pisang dan lauk pauk berada di dalam nasi tersebut. Nasi ini bisa tahan hingga 10 jam, oleh karena itu cocok untuk menjadi bekal dalam perjalanan jauh.[1] Asal mula adanya kuliner ini adalah dari kebiasaan ibu-ibu dahulu menyediakan bekal bagi anggota keluarga yang akan bekerja di ladang atau ...

العلاقات الإكوادورية التشادية

العلاقات الإكوادورية التشادية الإكوادور تشاد   الإكوادور   تشاد تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الإكوادورية التشادية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين الإكوادور وتشاد.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه الم...

 

Lilik Hendro Wiyono

Lilik Hendro Wiyono Inspektur Pusat Peralatan Angkatan Darat ke-5PetahanaMulai menjabat 27 April 2023 PendahuluJoko PriyantoPenggantiPetahana Informasi pribadiLahirIndonesiaAlma materAkademi Militer (1988)Karier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang TNI Angkatan DaratMasa dinas1988—sekarangPangkat Brigadir Jenderal TNISatuanPeralatan (CPL)Sunting kotak info • L • B Brigadir Jenderal TNI Lilik Hendro Wiyono, S.E. adalah seorang perwira tinggi TNI-AD yang sejak 27...

 

Isaac Hayden

Isaac Hayden Hayden bermain untuk Arsenal tahun 2013Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Isaac Scot Hayden[1]Tanggal lahir 22 Maret 1995 (umur 29)Tempat lahir Chelmsford, InggrisTinggi 1,87 m (6 ft 1+1⁄2 in)[2]Posisi bermain BekGelandang bertahanInformasi klubKlub saat ini Standard Liège(pinjaman dariNewcastle United)Nomor 14Karier junior Brentwood Boys FC2004–2008 Southend United2008–2013 ArsenalKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2013–2016 Arsenal ...

Widford, Hertfordshire

Human settlement in EnglandWidfordSt John the Baptist ChurchWidfordLocation within HertfordshirePopulation534 (2011)[1]OS grid referenceTL 421 157Civil parishWidfordDistrictEast HertfordshireShire countyHertfordshireRegionEastCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townWAREPostcode districtSG12Dialling code01279PoliceHertfordshireFireHertfordshireAmbulanceEast of England UK ParliamentHertford and Stortford List of places UK England Hert...

 

Réunification allemande

Cet article concerne la réunification des deux Allemagnes en 1990. Pour l'unification allemande de 1871, voir Unification allemande. Réunification allemande Le drapeau de l'Allemagne réunifiée est hissé le 3 octobre 1990 devant le Reichstag. Chronologie 9 novembre 1989 Chute du mur de Berlin 28 novembre 1989 Plan de Helmut Kohl en dix points sur la réunification 18 mars 1990 Élections législatives libres en RDA 31 août 1990 Signature du traité d'unification entre la RFA et la R...

 

Kiamika Reservoir Regional Park

Protected area in Lanaudière, Quebec, Canada Kiamika Reservoir Regional ParkLocationCanada, Quebec, Laurentides, Antoine-Labelle Regional County MunicipalityNearest townLac-DouaireCoordinates46°40′22″N 75°05′24″W / 46.67278°N 75.09°W / 46.67278; -75.09Area184 square kilometres (71 sq mi)reservoirkiamika.org The Kiamika Reservoir Regional Park (in French: Parc régional du Réservoir-Kamika) is a regional park located in the unorganized terri...

Bavet

le Bavet Étang de Monthou-sur-Cher sur le Bavet. Caractéristiques Longueur 11,4 km Bassin collecteur Loire Régime pluvial Cours Source au lieu-dit la Pillebourdière · Localisation Oisly · Altitude 110 m · Coordonnées 47° 23′ 11″ N, 1° 22′ 34″ E Confluence le Cher · Localisation Monthou-sur-Cher · Altitude 61 m · Coordonnées 47° 20′ 06″ N, 1° 16′ 19″ E Géographie Pays traversés France ...

 

Alan Stern

S. Alan SternLahir22 November 1957 (umur 66)New Orleans, Louisiana, A.S.KebangsaanAmerikaAlmamaterUniversitas Texas, AustinUniversitas Colorado, BoulderKarier ilmiahBidangAstrofisikateknik aerospaceIlmu pengetahuan planetariumInstitusiNASASouthwest Research Institute S. Alan Stern (kelahiran 22 November 1957, di New Orleans, Louisiana) adalah seorang ilmuwan planetarium Amerika. Ia adalah investigator prinsipal misi New Horizons ke Pluto dan Ketua Ilmuwan di Moon Express.[1][...

 

Антитринитаризм

ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Раннее христианство Гностическое христианство Вселенские соборы Н...

大字 (数字)

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています（詳細）。 数字の大字（だいじ）は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字（小字）の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券（「壱」が大字） 弐千円日本銀行券（「弐」が大字） 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

 

نظم اقتصادية تعاونية

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2020) النظم الاقتصادية التعاونية مجال من مجالات الاقتصاد يتضمن دراسات تعاونية واقتصاد سياسي موجه نحو دراسة وإدارة الجمعيات التعاونية. [1] مقارنة بين الفيدرال�...

 

Erie Lackawanna Railway

Transport company This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Erie Lackawanna Railway – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Erie Lackawanna RailwayOverviewHeadquartersCleveland, OhioReporting markELLocaleNew JerseyPennsylvaniaNew YorkOhioInd...

فيليب نويريه

فيليب نويريه معلومات شخصية اسم الولادة (بالفرنسية: Philippe Pierre Fernand Noiret)‏  الميلاد 1 أكتوبر 1930(1930-10-01)ليل الوفاة 23 نوفمبر 2006 (76 سنة)باريس سبب الوفاة سرطان[1]  مكان الدفن مقبرة مونبارناس  مواطنة فرنسا  استعمال اليد أيمنية  عدد الأولاد 1   الحياة العملية المدرسة ا...

 

Sungai Anjir Mulawarman

Sungai Anjir MulawarmanSungai Anjir MulawarmanLokasiNegaraIndonesiaProvinsiKalimantan SelatanCiri-ciri fisikHulu sungai  - lokasiKalimantan Sungai Mulawarman atau Anjir Mulawarman adalah sungai yang mengalir di kota Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. Sungai ini masih aktif digunakan sebagai jalur transportasi air oleh masyarakat menggunakan kelotok dan perahu.[1] Geografi Sungai ini mengalir di kecamatan Banjarmasin Barat[2] dan memiliki panjang 1.759,7...

 

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Ende

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat DaerahKabupaten EndeDewan Perwakilan RakyatKabupaten Ende2019-2024JenisJenisUnikameral Jangka waktu5 tahunSejarahSesi baru dimulai27 Agustus 2019PimpinanKetuaFransiskus Taso (PDI-P) sejak 7 Oktober 2019 Wakil Ketua IOktavianus Moa Mesi, S.T. (NasDem) sejak 28 Juni 2022 Wakil Ketua IITibertius Didimus Toki (Hanura) sejak 7 Oktober 2019 KomposisiAnggota30Partai & kursi  PSI (3)   PDI-P (4)   NasDem (4)   PKB (2) ...

Delta Cryogenic Second Stage

Delta Cryogenic Second Stage (DCSS) adalah keluarga dari tahapan roket cryogenic digunakan pada roket delta III & Delta IV, dan yang rencananya akan digunakan pada Block I Space Launch System. Tahapan ini didukung oleh satu mesin Pratt & Whitney RL10B-2, yang memiliki nozzle karbon-karbon diperpanjang untuk meningkatkan dorongan tertentu. Lihat pula Roket tahap atas Satelit Roket Kendaraan peluncur luar angkasa Orbit Orbit geosinkron Orbit geostasioner Referensi Delta IV Payload Plan...

 

Робертс, Пол Крейг

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Робертс; Робертс, Пол. Пол Крейг Робертсангл. Paul Craig Roberts Дата рождения 3 апреля 1939(1939-04-03) (85 лет) Место рождения Атланта, Джорджия, США Страна  США Род деятельности экономист, журналист, блогер, поли�...