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J-1
	Lawrance J-1 at the National Air and Space Museum
Type	Piston aero engine
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Lawrance Aero Engine Company

The Lawrance J-1 was an engine developed by Charles Lanier Lawrance and used in American aircraft in the early 1920s. It was a nine-cylinder, air-cooled radial design.

Development

During World War I the Lawrance Aero Engine Company of New York City produced the crude opposed twins that powered the Penguin trainers, and the Lawrance L-1 60 hp Y-type radial.^[1]

After the end of World War I, the Lawrance engineers worked with both the Army and the Navy in developing their L-1 onto a nine-cylinder radial engine, which became the 200 hp Model J-1. It was the best American air-cooled engine at the time and passed its 50-hour test in 1922.^[1]

The U.S. Navy badly needed light, reliable engines for its carrierborne aircraft. As a means of pressuring Wright and other companies into developing radial engines, it gave a contract to Lawrance for 200^[2] of the J-1 radial and ceased buying the liquid-cooled Wright-Hispano engines.^[1] At the urging of the Army and Navy the Wright Aeronautical Corporation bought the Lawrance Company, and subsequent engines were known as Wright radials. The Wright Whirlwind had essentially the same lower end (crankcase, cam, and crankshaft) as the J-1.^[2]

Applications

Dayton-Wright XPS-1
Naval Aircraft Factory N2N
Naval Aircraft Factory TS-1
Huff-Daland TA-2 trainer prototype - one example only re-engined
Huff-Daland TA-5 trainer prototype
Huff-Daland TA-6 trainer prototype
Huff-Daland HN-2 naval trainer

Engines on display

The New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, has a Lawrance J-1 on display.^[3]^[4]

Specifications (J-1)

Data from A History of Aircraft Piston Engines ^[2]

General characteristics

Type: 9-cylinder air-cooled radial engine
Bore: 4.5 in (114 mm)
Stroke: 5.5 in (144 mm)
Displacement: 787 in³ (12.9 L)
Dry weight: 476 lb (216 kg)

Components

Fuel system: Three carburetors^[5]
Cooling system: Air-cooled

Performance

Power output: 200 hp (150 kW)
Power-to-weight ratio: 1:2.38

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Janes Fighting Aircraft of World War I by Michael John Haddrick Taylor (Random House Group Ltd. 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SW1V 2SA, 2001, ISBN 1-85170-347-0), p. 290
^ ^a ^b ^c "A History of Aircraft Piston Engines" by Herschel Smith, (Sunflower University Press Manhattan, Kansas, 1981, ISBN 0-89745-079-5), 255pp.
^ http://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1134 "Lawrance (Wright) J-1"
^ New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, archived from the original on 10 April 2010, retrieved 13 December 2009. The section "Images from Kimble D. McCutcheon" has photos of the museum's J-1.
^ Machine Design (retrieved 30 May 2017)

External links

Wright J-5 "Whirlwind" (PDF), by Kimble D. McCutcheon, from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society (AEHS).
Part 2 of "Air-Cooled Aircraft Engine Cylinders", by George Genevro, also from AEHS.
"The 220 H.P. Lawrance J1 Air-Cooled Aero Engine". Flight. XV (14): 183–184. 5 April 1923. A detailed contemporary discussion of the Lawrance engine from Flight magazine.
"Lawrance Model J1 Aircooled Engine". Aviation. 16 October 1922. pp. 494–495. Retrieved 7 September 2021.