Singh was born in Village Gilanichak, PO+PS Chandi Nalanda district Bihar 24 January 1955 to Jwala Prasad Singh and Kaushalya Devi.[3] He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (Honors) degree from T.N.B. College, Bhagalpur University. Singh was a General Secretary of College Students Union and in 1974, had participated in the movements led by Jayaprakash Narayan.[1]
Singh is married to Renu Devi and they have a daughter together.[1]
Lalan Singh represented the Munger constituency of Bihar and was the President of Bihar JDU when he rebelled against CM Nitish Kumar in 2010 and later continued to be an unattached member of JD(U). The party moved in Lok Sabha to demand his disqualification but the move was aborted post his rapprochement with Nitish Kumar in 2013. He was given a ticket to contest the Munger Lok Sabha seat but was defeated by Veena Devi of LJP by nearly 1 lakh votes.
He was nominated to the Bihar Legislative Council under the Governor's quota and made the Minister for Road Construction Department in the Jitan Ram Manjhi cabinet in June 2014. His induction and elevation despite the electoral loss sparked a rebellion in JDU led by Gyanendra Singh Gyanu who later defected to BJP with a group of 12 MLAs.[4] He was sacked from the cabinet by Jitan Ram Manjhi as a minister along with Prashant Kumar Shahi in February 2015. When Nitish Kumar became Chief Minister, he was again inducted as a Minister in the Mahagathbandhan Government.[5]