Lake Berryessa

Lake Berryessa
Satellite photo
Location of Lake Berryessa in California, USA.
Location of Lake Berryessa in California, USA.
Lake Berryessa
Location of Lake Berryessa in California, USA.
Location of Lake Berryessa in California, USA.
Lake Berryessa
LocationVaca Mountains,
Napa County, California
Coordinates38°35′N 122°14′W / 38.59°N 122.23°W / 38.59; -122.23
Typereservoir
Primary inflowsPutah Creek, Pope Creek, Capell Creek, Eticuera Creek
Primary outflowsPutah Creek[1]
Catchment area576 sq mi (1,490 km2)[1]
Basin countriesUnited States
Managing agencyUnited States Bureau of Reclamation
Max. length15.5 mi (24.9 km)[2]
Max. width3 mi (4.8 km)
Surface area20,700 acres (8,400 ha)[1]
Max. depth275 ft (84 m)
Water volume1,602,000 acre⋅ft (1.976 km3)[1]
Shore length1165 mi (266 km)
Surface elevation443 ft (135 m)
Websitewww.usbr.gov/mp/ccao/berryessa/
References[1][2]
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.
Aerial view of Lake Berryessa, looking west into the evening sun

Lake Berryessa is the largest lake in Napa County, California, United States. This reservoir in the Vaca Mountains was formed following the construction of the Monticello Dam on Putah Creek in the 1950s. Since the early 1960s, this reservoir has provided water and hydroelectricity to the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area.

The reservoir was named after the Berryessa family of California; José Jesús and Sexto "Sisto" Berryessa were granted Rancho Las Putas in 1843.

Geography

The lake is over 20,000 acres (8,100 ha) when full. It is approximately 16 mi (25 km) long and 3.1 mi (5 km) wide. It has approximately 165 mi (265 km) miles of shoreline.

Near the dam on the southeast side of the reservoir is an open bell-mouth spillway, 72 feet (22 m) in diameter, which is known as the Glory Hole.[3] The pipe has a straight drop of 200 feet (61 m),[4] and the diameter shrinks down to about 28 feet (8.5 m). The spillway has a maximum capacity of 48,000 cfs (1360 m3/s). The spillway operates when there is excess water in the reservoir; in 2017 after heavy rains it started flowing, for the first time since 2006.[5] It started flowing again in 2019 after heavy rains. In 1997 a woman was killed after being pulled inside the spillway.[4]

The spillway at Monticello Dam, Lake Berryessa, in operation, February 19, 2017

Geology

The active Green Valley Fault runs parallel to the Lake in the hills to the west.

Climate

The National Weather Service has maintained a cooperative weather station at the lake since November 1, 1957. Records show that the area has hot, mostly dry summers and cool, wet winters. Normal January temperatures are a maximum of 57.4 °F (14.1 °C) and a minimum of 36.4 °F (2.4 °C). Normal July temperatures are a maximum of 94.8 °F (34.9 °C) and a minimum of 56.8 °F (13.8 °C). There is an average of 90.7 days with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 24.1 days with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower.

The record high temperature was 115 °F (46 °C) on July 24, 2006. The record low temperature was 13 °F (−11 °C) on December 22, 1990.

The wettest year was 1983 with 56.94 inches (1,446 mm) and the driest year was 1976 with 7.78 inches (198 mm). The most precipitation in one month was 21.33 inches (542 mm) in January 1995. The most precipitation in 24 hours was 5.29 inches (134 mm) on December 31, 2005. Snowfall is very rare, but 0.4 inches (10 mm) fell in January 1974.[6]


Climate data for Lake Berryessa (Markley Cove), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1970–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 80
(27)
83
(28)
89
(32)
96
(36)
104
(40)
110
(43)
115
(46)
111
(44)
114
(46)
104
(40)
90
(32)
78
(26)
115
(46)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 68.2
(20.1)
73.3
(22.9)
79.8
(26.6)
87.6
(30.9)
94.9
(34.9)
103.4
(39.7)
106.5
(41.4)
105.6
(40.9)
102.3
(39.1)
93.9
(34.4)
80.1
(26.7)
68.1
(20.1)
108.2
(42.3)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 57.4
(14.1)
61.4
(16.3)
66.0
(18.9)
71.3
(21.8)
79.3
(26.3)
88.0
(31.1)
94.8
(34.9)
94.1
(34.5)
90.1
(32.3)
79.4
(26.3)
66.1
(18.9)
57.5
(14.2)
75.5
(24.2)
Daily mean °F (°C) 46.9
(8.3)
49.6
(9.8)
53.1
(11.7)
57.1
(13.9)
63.9
(17.7)
71.0
(21.7)
75.8
(24.3)
75.0
(23.9)
71.7
(22.1)
63.4
(17.4)
53.3
(11.8)
46.9
(8.3)
60.6
(15.9)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 36.4
(2.4)
37.9
(3.3)
40.2
(4.6)
42.9
(6.1)
48.5
(9.2)
54.1
(12.3)
56.8
(13.8)
55.8
(13.2)
53.3
(11.8)
47.3
(8.5)
40.6
(4.8)
36.4
(2.4)
45.9
(7.7)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 28.3
(−2.1)
30.4
(−0.9)
32.8
(0.4)
35.5
(1.9)
41.3
(5.2)
46.7
(8.2)
50.0
(10.0)
50.2
(10.1)
47.7
(8.7)
40.0
(4.4)
32.3
(0.2)
28.2
(−2.1)
26.2
(−3.2)
Record low °F (°C) 20
(−7)
19
(−7)
26
(−3)
28
(−2)
31
(−1)
37
(3)
35
(2)
40
(4)
41
(5)
30
(−1)
24
(−4)
13
(−11)
13
(−11)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 5.72
(145)
5.93
(151)
4.10
(104)
1.67
(42)
1.01
(26)
0.23
(5.8)
0.01
(0.25)
0.03
(0.76)
0.07
(1.8)
1.09
(28)
2.49
(63)
5.60
(142)
27.95
(710)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.9 10.1 9.4 5.7 3.7 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.9 3.0 7.1 10.8 63.0
Source 1: NOAA[7]
Source 2: National Weather Service[8]

History

The area is the traditional lands of the Pomo tribe. The valley was an agricultural region, the soil was considered among the finest in the country. The discovery of gold in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada brought an influx of people to the Central Valley. Communities in Solano County grew quickly in the gold rush.[9] Monticello, a small farming town was founded by Ezra Peacock in 1867.

Interest in damming Putah Creek started around the early 1900s. In 1907, a few cities in the Bay Area were interested enough to hire three engineers, including Arthur Powell Davis and George Washington Goethals. Their interest quickly evaporated in favor of larger projects, but the place continued to attract interest. Small irrigation projects had developed in the surrounding areas but had little success. More water was needed to accommodate the rising population, so around the 1940s the Solano County Board of Supervisors organized the Solano County Water Council to search for the best place to develop a water project.[9] The Solano Water Council agreed to focus on Monticello Dam. The original plan included alterations to both Putah Creek and Cache Creeks but complications led to a simpler plan which only dammed Putah Creek at Devil's Gate, which the Bureau of Reclamation assured engineers and planners was the most feasible spot to place a dam on Putah Creek.

Monticello residents opposed the Solano Project but were unsuccessful. The main town in the valley, Monticello, was abandoned in order to construct the reservoir. By the time of the evacuations for the dam it had a population of about 250 with some scattered on the outskirts in the valley. Putah Creek was the town's life source, it provided them with close access to water for both crop and livestock raising. Residents abandoned their homes, the Monticello cemetery had to be relocated, and houses were destroyed. Monticello ranchers were evicted as equipment was auctioned away and the fertile land was flooded.[9] This abandonment was chronicled by the photographers Dorothea Lange and Pirkle Jones in their work Death of a Valley, published in Aperture magazine in 1960.[10] Some predicted the dam would be unsuccessful and the valley would never fill.[11] Construction of Monticello Dam began in 1953,[12] completed in 1958, and the reservoir filled by 1963, creating what at the time was the second-largest reservoir in California after Shasta Lake. The Monticello Dam with Lake Berryessa, Putah Diversion Dam with Lake Solano, and associated water distribution systems and lands are known collectively as the Solano Project, which is distinct from other water projects in California such as the Central Valley Project.

A few years after the completion of the dam, Governor Edmund G. Brown proposed a new project to build an even bigger dam and a larger lake. The "Greater Berryessa Project" was envisioned to be a much larger project; the 304-foot dam would be replaced with a 600-foot dam that would be capable of holding ten times the amount of water, expanding the lake to three times the current size, flooding productive farmland. The project's primary purpose was storage of northern water for use in parts of southern California.[11]

Hydrology

A view of Lake Berryessa

The lake is fed by the headwaters to the 576-square-mile (1,490 km2) Putah Creek watershed. It has a storage capacity of 1,602,000 acre-feet (1.976×109 m3), making it one of the larger reservoirs in California. Besides Putah Creek there are three other major tributaries that contribute to the lake: Capell Creek, Pope Creek, and Eticuera Creek. Since all of these creeks do not come from the same area, the lake level rise is hard to predict. Each creek has a different flow rate and that rate is based on the precipitation level where the creek comes from.[13] These smaller tributaries mostly contribute in the winter or wet season only and usually dry out in the summer months. Though Putah Creek is not the only creek that is directly impacted by the project, it is the only creek that is dammed.[13]

The Solano Projects are much more than just Monticello Dam and Lake Berryessa, including Putah Diversion Dam, Lake Solano, and the Putah South Canal. Lake Berryessa is the largest body of water formed from the Solano Projects and so is the most well-known.[11] Lake Berryessa does help to manage flooding in Yolo county. It is estimated that for the first forty years, over five million dollars were saved from avoided flood damage.[14] A study in 1986 shows that it is highly unlikely that Lake Berryessa will overflow. There are a few times that the water level has actually gone over 440 feet (130 m), as it did on February 17, 2017.[15] In the study, the probability of the lake level reaching 450 feet (140 m). was estimated at one percent; likely only to happen once in a hundred years. The highest water level ever recorded at Lake Berryessa was 446.7 feet (136.2 m). Raising Monticello dam is highly unlikely but one possible way to increase water storage at the lake is to raise the height of the Glory Hole.[13]

Lake Berryessa supplies water to Vacaville, Suisun City, Vallejo and Fairfield, as well as Travis Air Force Base located south of Lake Berryessa.[9][14] The Solano County Water Agency (SCWA) and its partners work closely to manage the water levels at Lake Berryessa. A "Drought Contingency Plan" is in place to manage lake level if it drops below 800,000 acre-feet (990,000,000 m3)[16] then SCWA and acting partners will work to find alternate water supplies for the lake's recipients and try to conserve the lake's water for as long as possible.[13]

Though the lake and Monticello Dam are in Napa County, the water yield of up to about 245,000 acre-feet per year from the Solano Project is largely contracted to Solano County Water Agency and managed under subcontract by Solano Irrigation District for use in Solano County. The water is used for agricultural, municipal, and industrial purposes under a contract for use of water rights held by the federal Bureau of Reclamation. Another contract allows for use of up to 1,500 acre-feet of water per year around Lake Berryessa in Napa County. The 25-year contracts were renewed in 2009. The Monticello Dam Powerplant built in 1983 generates up to 12 MW of hydroelectric power. A settlement of water right claims to Putah Creek was made in 2000. Known as the Putah Creek Accord, it allowed for scheduled instream flows in lower Putah Creek flowing to the Yolo Bypass. Water rights for the watershed above Monticello Dam were amended in 1996.

Lake Berryessa is a monomictic lake, which means that the waters of the lake turnover once a year. For monomictic lakes that turnover time is somewhere in the Fall. Lake turnover happens when the warmer surface water starts to cool to match the lower cooler water. Once the lake is all the same temperature, water can freely circulate all around and oxygen replenishes parts of the water where it has been diminished. Fishing during the turnover time or after can be difficult because the monotone temperature and oxygen level of the lake allows for the fish to go anywhere in the lake.[13]

Lake Berryessa is critical for recharging the groundwater in the surrounding areas. Without the dam, Putah Creek can dry out in summer.[citation needed]

Management

The creation of Monticello Dam and Lake Berryessa were not intended for public and recreational use. The lake was initially fenced off but interest from the public increased and many people still managed to access the water in the first two years. With no federal or state agencies wanting to manage affairs at the lake, agencies authorized seven concessionaires to provide recreational activities at the lake to the public on federal land in the late 1950s. Those 50 year contracts for the concessionaires came to an end in 2009. During the time of the concessionaires, they leased some land to RV homes for long term housing. When the contracts ended, all the recreational facilities and mobile homes were forced to move from federal property. The new reclamation has yet to seriously start any new development on recreational activities at the lake though a new multi-purpose trail is to be in the future. Post-contract, recreation levels and activities at Lake Berryessa have perished from the concessionaire days.[17] Estimates from the bureau estimated that visitations at Lake Berryessa dropped to less than half since the termination of all seven resorts.[18] The Bureau of Reclamation held an open bid period in 2015 to businesses for developmental opportunities at Lake Berryessa.[19] As of early 2016 there were no successful bids for any of the concession areas at Lake Berryessa.[20]

The Zebra and Quagga mussel infestation at Lake Berryessa is managed by the SCWA and its interns. The program, which has been operating for over 15 years, is intended to educate boaters about invasive mussels. Any boat that has been in waters known to have either mussel must wait thirty days from the day of inspection before re-entering the water. Unfortunately, insufficient funds and resources make it difficult to inspect boats year-round. The program only operates seasonally.[21]

In 2007, the SCWA conducted a study of the lake bed to determine if the lake has lost any of its capacity due to sedimentation as well as map the lake bed as accurately as possible with new technology. The study found that Lake Berryessa has not lost storage capacity.[13]

Recreation

Lake Berryessa, California, looking northeast from Oak Shore

Popular activities include fishing, waterskiing, jet skiing, pleasure boating, kayaking and canoeing, hiking, road bicycling, motorcycle pleasure biking, birding, wildlife observation, picnicking, and swimming. The Lake Berryessa Seaplane Base is located on the lake's surface, and an estimated 200 seaplane operations were reported between September 2011 and September 2012.[22][23] It is used for seaplane landings and splash-ins.[24]

Lake Berryessa is a swimming and water skiing site for enthusiasts. The narrow portion of the reservoir, nearest to the Monticello Dam, is referred to as the "Narrows," and is sometimes busy with boaters on holidays and weekends.

There are several resorts with marinas at the lake, as well as nearby Lake Solano County Park located west of Winters, California. Day use areas include Oak Shores and Smittle Creek. There are swimming areas closed to boats and other watercraft, as well as several hiking trails.

Lakeshore lands, facilities, and concessions in Napa County are managed by the Bureau of Reclamation. However, five of the seven resort concessions that expired in 2009 have not yet become fully operational. Based on rules against exclusive occupancy of federal recreation lands, about 1,300 long-term resident trailers were removed from the resorts when the 50-year concession contracts expired. In the following years, public usage of the lake dwindled due to government delays in formulating a future plan.[25]

There is a seaplane landing area that is open to the public. One of the larger islands contained a small plane landing area but it was closed in the early 1970s in response to a safety report issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).[citation needed]

Fishing

Fishing at Lake Berryessa can be successful year-round as the lake is home to both warm-water and cold-water fish species. Lake Berryessa offers a variety of fish from sunfish to landlocked salmon. Because fish species are plentiful, fishing can be done in a variety of ways; from finesse techniques, bait fishing, and to trolling in the deep. Fish species at Lake Berryessa include; largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomeiu), spotted bass, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), bullhead catfish (Ictalurus dolomeiu), white catfish (Ameiurus catus), carp (Cyprinus carpio), Sacramento pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus grandis), crappie, bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), brown and brook trout, Kokanee, and also Chinook salmon (Onchorhynchus tschawytscha). The rainbow trout species is native to the region while many other species were introduced.[26] Largemouth bass and smallmouth bass were both introduced into the lake in the late 1950s and spotted bass followed in the 1980s. Bass and salmon are mostly noted as sport fishing species, bluegill, black and white crappie, and catfish are more of a recreational and beginners type of fish and carp and pikeminnow are usually not favored among anglers. The introduced species of carp is also present and feeds on organic matter, water snails, bloodworm, fresh water mussels as well as their own eggs.[27]

Besides the Sacramento pikeminnow, Lake Berryessa also has the golden shiner and threadfin shad which are usually baitfish to the other species of fish. Aside from the fish Lake Berryessa also supports other aquatic organisms such as crawfish, clams, and otters. The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has issued a safe eating advisory for any fish caught in Lake Berryessa due to elevated levels of mercury.[28] A copy of these guidelines can also be found at Lake Berryessa's Visitor Center. Mercury levels at Lake Berryessa are on the rise and there are no fish that OEHHA recommend to eat more than three times a week. In context of mercury, trouts are the best option for Berryessa at this time.[29] Fishing regulations accord with standard California Department of Fish and Wildlife regulations.[26] There are tournaments scheduled throughout nine of the twelve months out of the year for bass.[30]

Hunting

Hunting on Lake Berryessa is not permitted in lands that are managed by the Bureau of Reclamation. Firearms are allowed on these lands under specific criteria; possession of a Carry Conceal Weapon (CCW) certificate or, if the firearm is disassembled, disarmed and you have a valid California Hunting License and a Permit to Transport Firearm. The Permit to Transport Firearm does not allow for possession of firearm while recreating in Bureau of Recreation lands. Hunting can be possible on lands managed by other agencies next to Reclamation lands such as Knoxville Wildlife Area, Knoxville Recreation, and Cedar Roughs Wildlife area. These areas are under the jurisdiction of California Department of Fish and Wildlife and/or the Bureau of Land Management. Human beings are also present in these areas and the perimeter is fairly small so caution and safety should always be the main priority.[31]

Cedar Roughs Wilderness

Adjoining the Lake Berryessa Recreational Area is the Cedar Roughs Wilderness Area. The Northern California Coastal Wild Heritage Wilderness Act of 2006 set aside the former study area of 6,350 acres (25.7 km2) located 1.8 miles (2.9 km) past Pope Creek bridge on the Pope Creek arm of Lake Berryessa. The wilderness area can be accessed by car or boat, although there are no maintained trails. Hiking can be difficult as more than half of the wilderness area consists of Sargent's cypress, which covers 3,000 acres (12 km2) and is relatively pure genetically. It is the second most widely distributed cypress in California, and was named for Charles Sprague Sargent (1841–1927), the founder and director of Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum and author of the 14-volume Silva of North America. The area is jointly managed by the Bureau of Land Management and California Department of Fish and Game.[32]

Flora and fauna

Notable plants in the area include sergeant cypress, white alder, leather oak, Jepson's navarretia, and Bridge's brodiaea.

The east side of the lake has a 2,000-acre (8.1 km2) Wildlife Management Area managed by the California Department of Fish and Game that protects wildlife habitats for such species as mountain lion, black-tailed deer, western rattlesnake, raccoon, skunk, osprey, turkey, rabbit and golden eagle.

1969 murder

In 1969, the lake became the site of one of the Zodiac murders. On the evening of September 27, Pacific Union College students Bryan Hartnell and Cecelia Shepard were picnicking at Lake Berryessa on a small island connected by a sand spit to Twin Oak Ridge. A man approached them wearing a black executioner's-type hood with clip-on sunglasses over the eye-holes and a bib-like device on his chest that had a white 3 by 3 inches (76 by 76 mm) cross-circle symbol on it. He approached them with a gun, which Hartnell believed to be a .45. The hooded man claimed to be an escaped convict from Deer Lodge, Montana, where he had killed a guard and stolen a car, explaining that he needed their car and money to go to Mexico. He had brought precut lengths of plastic clothesline and told Shepard to tie up Hartnell, before he tied her up. The killer checked and tightened Hartnell's bonds, after discovering Shepard had bound Hartnell's hands loosely. Hartnell initially believed it to be a weird robbery, but the man drew a knife and stabbed them both repeatedly. The killer then hiked 500 yards (460 m) back up to Knoxville Road, drew a cross-circle symbol on Hartnell's car door with a black felt-tip pen, and wrote beneath it: "Vallejo/12-20-68/7-4-69/Sept 27–69–6:30/by knife", the location and dates of the killer's first two crimes, and the date and time of the crime he had just committed.

At 7:40 p.m. (19:40), the killer called the Napa County Sheriff's office from a pay telephone to report this latest crime. The phone was found, still off the hook, minutes later at the Napa Car Wash on Main Street in Napa, only a few blocks from the sheriff's office, yet 27 miles (43 km) from the crime scene. Detectives were able to lift a still-wet palm print from the telephone but were never able to match it to any suspect.

After hearing their screams for help, a man and his son who were fishing in a nearby cove discovered the victims and summoned help by contacting park rangers. Cecelia Shepard was conscious when law enforcement officers from the Napa County Sheriff's office arrived, but lapsed into a coma during transport to the hospital and never regained consciousness. She died two days later, but Hartnell survived to recount his tale to the press. Napa County Sheriff Detective Ken Narlow, who was assigned to the case from the outset, worked on solving the crime until his retirement from the department in 1987.

See also

A panorama of Lake Berryessa

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Dams Owned and Operated by Federal Agencies" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 5, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
  2. ^ a b "Lake Berryessa". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  3. ^ Graff, Amy (April 19, 2024). "Lake Berryessa's Glory Hole sees 'once-in-a-lifetime' scenario". SFGATE. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
  4. ^ a b "NORTH BAY / Woman Sucked Into Lake Berryessa Spillway". Sfgate. March 12, 1997. Archived from the original on June 18, 2013. Retrieved June 26, 2013.
  5. ^ "Glory, be! Lake Berryessa's Glory Hole is spilling over". SFGate. Archived from the original on March 2, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
  6. ^ "Berryessa Lake, California - Climate Summary". Archived from the original on May 27, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2011.; "MARKLEY COVE, CALIFORNIA - Climate Summary". Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
  7. ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  8. ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data". National Weather Service. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  9. ^ a b c d "Quail Ridge Reserve Human History- Lake Beryessa". Archived from the original on August 27, 2014. Retrieved February 28, 2006.
  10. ^ Lange, Dorothea; Jones, Pirkle (Fall 1960). "Death of a Valley". Aperture. ISSN 0003-6420.
  11. ^ a b c "Solano Project; Project History". Folsom, CA: US Bureau of Reclamation. May 17, 2011. Archived from the original on March 30, 2016.
  12. ^ "Berryessa Facts". Mid-Pacific Region. Sacramento, CA: US Bureau of Reclamation. Archived from the original on April 22, 2014.
  13. ^ a b c d e f "Personal Contact". Lake Berryessa News. Archived from the original on May 1, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  14. ^ a b "Solano Project". Archived from the original on March 16, 2013.
  15. ^ Graff, Amy (February 17, 2017). "Glory, be! Lake Berryessa's Glory Hole is spilling over". SFGate. Archived from the original on February 18, 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
  16. ^ Kilkus, Petetr. "As Lake Berryessa Flows: A Combination of Science, Engineering, and Natural Beauty". Retrieved March 22, 2019.
  17. ^ "Lake Berryessa Visitor Services Plan (VSP)". Archived from the original on August 1, 2009.
  18. ^ "Berryessa resort bid results to be announced in January". November 23, 2015. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016.
  19. ^ "Reclamation Announces Open Bid Period for Business Opportunities for Concession Development/Operation at Lake Berryessa". Archived from the original on June 1, 2016.
  20. ^ "Reclamation Announces Status of Bids for Long-Term Concession Development at Lake Berryessa" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 1, 2016.
  21. ^ Solano County Water Agency - Personal Interview
  22. ^ "AirNav: E20 - Lake Berryessa Seaplane Base". April 30, 2015. Archived from the original on May 5, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  23. ^ "LAKE BERRYESSA". April 30, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  24. ^ Max Trescott (March 2012). "Lake Berryessa Seaplane Splash-in a Hit". Archived from the original on September 29, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  25. ^ JENSEN, Peter (August 20, 2012). "Delays in master plan sabotage Berryessa economy". Napa Valley Register. Napa, CA: Lee Enterprises, Inc. Archived from the original on August 25, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  26. ^ a b "Lake Berryessa Get Hooked" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on September 28, 2016.
  27. ^ "Fishing at Lake Berryessa brochure" (PDF). Bureau of Reclamation. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2009.
  28. ^ Admin, OEHHA (March 18, 2009). "Lake Berryessa". OEHHA. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
  29. ^ "SAFE EATING GUIDELINES FOR FISH AND SHELLFISH FROM LAKE BERRYESSA AND PUTAH CREEK INCLUDING LAKE SOLANO (NAPA, YOLO, AND SOLANO COUNTIES)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on November 26, 2011.
  30. ^ "Berryessa Bass Tournament". Archived from the original on April 2, 2016.
  31. ^ "HUNTING, FIREARMS, AND PROJECTILE DEVICES AT LAKE BERRYESSA" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on September 29, 2016.
  32. ^ "Cedar Roughs wildlife Area". Bureau of Land Management. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2009.

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Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Oktober 2022. Effendy adalah seorang kimiawan asal Indonesia yang menjadi penemu dari ratusan senyawa koordinasi jenis baru. Penemuannya berupa perpaduan antara jenis garam, tembaga, perak, dan alkali dengan ligan-ligan dari unsur golongan 15 menggunakan metode difr...

 

 

Cet article est une ébauche concernant un chanteur albanais. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Adrian Lulgjuraj Bledar Sejko (à gauche) et Adrian Lulgjuraj (à droite) à Malmö en mai 2013.Informations générales Nom de naissance Adrijan Ljuljđuraj Naissance Ulcinj, Monténégro Activité principale Chanteur Genre musical Pop modifier Adrian Lulgjuraj, Adrijan Ljuljđuraj, Адријан Љу�...

 

 

العلاقات الإماراتية السويدية الإمارات العربية المتحدة السويد   الإمارات العربية المتحدة   السويد تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الإماراتية السويدية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين الإمارات العربية المتحدة والسويد.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بي�...

Kelly Kwalik Informasi pribadiLahir1955 Agimuga, Mimika, Papua, Nugini BelandaMeninggal16 Desember 2009 Timika, Papua, IndonesiaHubunganTenny Kwalik (adik)Karier militerPihak Republik Papua BaratMasa dinas1971–2009PangkatJenderalSunting kotak info • L • B Kelly Kwalik (lahir di Agimuga, Mimika, Papua, Nugini Belanda, 1955 - meninggal di Timika, Papua, Indonesia, 16 Desember 2009) adalah seorang pemimpin separatis senior dan komandan dari sayap militer Organisasi Papua Mer...

 

 

Ramen restaurant chain based in Tokyo, Japan Logo Restaurant interior in Shinjuku, Tokyo, in 2017 Exterior of Afuri in Southwest Portland, Oregon, in 2022 Afuri (also known as Afuri Izakaya)[1] is a chain of ramen restaurants, based in Tokyo, Japan. History The original noodle shop opened at the base of Mount Afuri in 2001. Founder Hiroto Nakamura partnered with Taichi Ishizuki to open a location in southeast Portland's Buckman neighborhood in 2016.[2] Since then, three additi...

 

 

American basketball player Jerome KerseyKersey in 2003Personal informationBorn(1962-06-26)June 26, 1962Clarksville, Virginia, U.S.DiedFebruary 18, 2015(2015-02-18) (aged 52)Tualatin, Oregon, U.S.Listed height6 ft 7 in (2.01 m)Listed weight215 lb (98 kg)Career informationHigh schoolBluestone (Skipwith, Virginia)CollegeLongwood (1980–1984)NBA draft1984: 2nd round, 46th overall pickSelected by the Portland Trail BlazersPlaying career1984–2001PositionSmall forwar...

Place in Western Cape, South AfricaNewlands Nuweland From top, View of upper Newlands and Devil's Peak from Bishops Court. Newlands Cricket Stadium with the Newlands brewery behind (left), Newlands Spring on Springs Way (right). Boshof gateway (below).Street map of NewlandsNewlandsShow map of Western CapeNewlandsShow map of South AfricaCoordinates: 33°58′45″S 18°27′0″E / 33.97917°S 18.45000°E / -33.97917; 18.45000CountrySouth AfricaProvinceWestern CapeMuni...

 

 

Former settlement in Afghanistan Tarok Kolache was a small settlement in Kandahar province, Afghanistan.[1][2] On October 6, 2010, Lieutenant Colonel David Flynn, commander of the Combined Joint Task Force 1-320th gave the order to drop 49,200 pounds (22,300 kg) of rockets and aerial bombs on the village which resulted in leveling the village completely.[3][4][5] See also Deh Bala wedding party bombing Bến Tre Khosrow Sofla Lower Babur Kandahar ...

 

 

Business magazine This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Strategy+Business – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) strategy+businessEditorDaniel Gross (2020-present)Art Kleiner (2005-January 2020)Randall Rothenberg (2000–2005)Joel Kurtzman (1995–1999)CategoriesFinance; innov...

Portion of matzo used during Passover Afikoman/אפיקומןHandmade shmura matzo used at the Passover Seder especially for the mitzvot of eating matzo and afikomanTypeDessert Afikoman (Mishnaic Hebrew: אֲפִיקִימוֹן ʾăpîqîmôn;[1] Modern pronunciation: אֲפִיקוֹמָן ʾăpîqômān) based on Greek epikomon [ἐπὶ κῶμον] or epikomion [ἐπικώμιον], meaning that which comes after or dessert),[2] a word originally having the connotation o...

 

 

Georgian involvement in the Iraq WarPart of the Iraq WarGeorgian soldiers from the 13th Light Infantry Battalion on a clearing mission in Al Shaheen, Iraq, in March 2007.Date11 August 2003 – 11 August 2008 (2003-08-11 – 2008-08-11)LocationMultinational Division Central-South, IraqResult Georgian withdrawal; see Iraq War for full resultsBelligerents  Georgia Ba'ath loyalists Mahdi Army Commanders and leaders Eduard Shevardnadze Mikheil Saakashvili Iz...

 

 

Officer in the Continental Navy For other people named Samuel Nicholson, see Samuel Nicholson (disambiguation). Samuel NicholsonBorn1743Chestertown, MarylandDiedDecember 28, 1811 (aged 68)Charlestown, MassachusettsNationalityAmericanOccupationNaval officerKnown formilitary service in the American Revolutionary War, also as overseer of construction of USS Constitution (Old Ironsides) and as that ship's first commander Samuel Nicholson (1743 – December 28, 1811) was an officer i...

Italian architect Alessi's original project for the façade of Palazzo Marino, Milan, altered in the execution Galeazzo Alessi (1512 – 30 December 1572) was an Italian architect from Perugia, known throughout Europe for his distinctive style based on his enthusiasm for ancient architecture. He studied drawing for civil and military architecture under the direction of Giovanni Battista Caporali.[1] For a number of years he lived in Genoa. He was involved in the lay-out of the streets...

 

 

Kekaisaran SasaniyahIran / Iranshahr[1]Ērānšahr224 M–651 M Derafsh Kaviani Simurgh Jangkauan terluas Kekaisaran pada masa kaisar Khosrau II.Ibu kotaCtesiphonBahasa yang umum digunakanBahasa Persia Pertengahan[2]Agama Zoroastrianisme (agama negara)Kristen NestorianYudaismePemerintahanMonarki absolutSyahansyah • 224–241 Ardashir I (pertama)• 632–651 Yazdegerd III (terakhir) Sejarah • Didirikan 224 M• Invasi Arab dalam penakluka...

 

 

Dollaro della Malesia e del Borneo britannicofuori corsoNome localeRinggit Rumiرڠڬيت Jawi Codice ISO 4217- Stati Malesia britannica Singapore Brunei Borneo del Nord Sarawak Simbolo$ Frazionicent o sen (1/100) Monete1, 5, 10, 20, 50 sen Banconote1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 1000, 10,000 dollari Entità emittenteMalayan and British Borneo Board of Commissioners of CurrencyBank Negara Malaysia Periodo di circolazione1953 - 1967 Sostituita daringgit malese, dollaro di Singapor...

Non-metropolitan district and borough in EnglandBorough of AshfordNon-metropolitan district and boroughAerial view of Ashford Designer Outlet Coat of armsAshford shown within KentSovereign stateUnited KingdomConstituent countryEnglandRegionSouth East EnglandNon-metropolitan countyKentStatusNon-metropolitan district, BoroughAdmin HQAshfordIncorporated1 April 1974Government • TypeNon-metropolitan district council • BodyAshford Borough Council • MPsDamian Gre...

 

 

American statesman (1792–1868) Thaddeus StevensPortrait by Brady-Handy, c. 1860–1868Member of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom PennsylvaniaIn officeMarch 4, 1859 – August 11, 1868Preceded byAnthony RobertsSucceeded byOliver DickeyConstituency9th districtIn officeMarch 4, 1849 – March 3, 1853Preceded byJohn StrohmSucceeded byHenry A. MuhlenbergConstituency8th districtChair of the House Ways and Means CommitteeIn officeMarch 4, 1861 – March...

 

 

National intelligence agency of Norway Norwegian Intelligence Service (NIS)EtterretningstjenestenIntelligence agency overviewFormed1915JurisdictionGovernment of NorwayHeadquartersLutvann, OsloMottoViten om verden for vern av Norge (Knowledge of the World for the Protection of Norway)EmployeesClassifiedAnnual budgetkr 2.3 billion[1]Minister responsibleBjørn Arild Gram Centre Party, DefenceIntelligence agency executiveVice Admiral Nils Andreas StensønesParent Intelligence agencyM...

Nicola QuaglioDati biograficiPaese Italia Altezza185 cm Peso115 kg FamiliariIsidoro Quaglio (zio) Rugby a 15 RuoloPilone Squadra Rovigo CarrieraAttività di club[1] 2009-16 Rovigo98 (30)2021- Rovigo Attività in franchise 2016-21 Benetton44 (5) Attività da giocatore internazionale 2016-2019 Italia14 (0) 1. A partire dalla stagione 1995-96 le statistiche di club si riferiscono ai soli campionati maggiori professionistici di LegaIl simbolo → indica un trasferimento i...

 

 

American psychologist This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article contains too many or overly lengthy quotations. Please help summarize the quotations. Consider transferring direct quotations to Wikiquote or excerpts to Wikisource. (May 2022) This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. Please help by spinn...