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L'Île-d'Anticosti
L'Île-d'Anticosti
Municipality
	L'Île-d'Anticosti Location in Côte-Nord region of Quebec
	Coordinates: 49°30′N 63°00′W / 49.500°N 63.000°W
Country	Canada
Province	Quebec
Region	Côte-Nord
RCM	Minganie
Constituted	January 1, 1984
Government
• Mayor	Hélène Boulanger
• Federal riding	Manicouagan
• Prov. riding	Duplessis
Area
• Total	9,291.18 km2 (3,587.34 sq mi)
• Land	7,715.99 km2 (2,979.16 sq mi)
Population (2021)
• Total	177
• Density	0.0/km2 (0/sq mi)
• Pop (2016-21)	18.8%
• Dwellings	134
Time zone	UTC−5 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
Postal code(s)	G0G 2Y0
Area code(s)	418 and 581
Highways	No major routes
Website	municipalite-anticosti.org

L'Île-d'Anticosti (French pronunciation: [lil dɑ̃tikɔsti]) is a municipality located on the Anticosti island, between the straits of Jacques Cartier and Honguedo, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in Minganie Regional County Municipality, Côte-Nord region, Quebec, Canada.^[1]

Toponymy

Within the municipality, the main populated area is Port-Menier.

Officially the municipality was formed first in 1902 when Anticosti Island was separated from the County of Saguenay. But since the entire island was privately owned, there was no elected council to preside over the islanders, who were either servants of the landlord or employees of logging companies.^[1] Even after the island was owned again by the provincial government in 1974, it took another decade to put a working municipal organization in place. On January 31, 1984, the first council was finally sworn in.^[4]

UNESCO's World Heritage

On September 19, 2023, Anticosti was inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List. It is recognized for its exceptional fossil assemblage representing the first global mass extinction of animal life on Earth.^[5]

Located within protected areas free from any industrial activity, the site is endowed with exceptionally well-preserved, abundant and diverse fossil fauna, this Anticosti fauna represents the first mass extinction of animal life on a global scale, 447 – 437 million years ago, at the end of the Ordovician period.^[6]

Vauréal Canyon
Cliff wall, fall and Vauréal River^[7]
Cliff wall, fall and Vauréal River^[7]
Fossil (probably sponge), in the gravel, at the foot of the wall
Fossil to be identified, in the gravel, at the foot of the wall

The Vauréal River has its source in Lake Vauréal, it flows 25 km south-northeast, in the eastern part of the island. The salmon goes up the river to the Vauréal Falls, 13 km from the coast, crossing the Vauréal canyon where the river is enclosed between two limestone walls.^[8]^[7]

Communities

Port-Menier

The village of Port-Menier is the hub of the island. Its population doubles in the summer with seasonal workers and tourists. The economic mainstays are outdoor tourism and forestry/logging. Services available in Port-Menier include general and grocery stores, gas station, banking, restaurant, and lodging.

Demographics

Population

Canada census – L'Île-d'Anticosti community profile

	2021	2016	2011
Population	177 (-18.8% from 2016)	218 (-9.2% from 2011)	240 (-14.6% from 2006)
Land area	7,715.99 km² (2,979.16 sq mi)	7,953.20 km² (3,070.75 sq mi)	7,892.15 km² (3,047.18 sq mi)
Population density	0/km² (0/sq mi)	0.0/km² (0/sq mi)	0.0/km² (0/sq mi)
Median age	56.4 (M: 55.2, F: 56.8)	53.0 (M: 55.6, F: 54.2)	47.6 (M: 51.0, F: 46.3)
Private dwellings	134 (total) 97 (occupied)	186 (total)	161 (total)
Median household income	$N/A	$56,704	$N/A

Notes: 2021 and 2011 income data for this area has been suppressed for data quality or confidentiality reasons.
References: 2021^[9] 2016^[10] 2011^[11] earlier^[12]^[13]

Historical census data - L'Île-d'Anticosti, Quebec

Year	Pop.	±%
1921	451	—
1931	454	+0.7%
1941	424	−6.6%
1951	743	+75.2%
1956	856	+15.2%
1961	532	−37.9%

Year	Pop.	±%
1966	494	−7.1%
1971	419	−15.2%
1976	293	−30.1%
1981	275	−6.1%
1986	335	+21.8%
1991	264	−21.2%

Year	Pop.	±%
1996	263	−0.4%
2001	266	+1.1%
2006	281	+5.6%
2011	240	−14.6%
2016	218	−9.2%
2021	177	−18.8%

Source: Statistics Canada^[14]

Language

Canada Census mother tongue - L'Île-d'Anticosti, Quebec^[14]
Census	Total	French			English			French & English			Other
Year	Responses	Count	Trend	Pop %	Count	Trend	Pop %	Count	Trend	Pop %	Count	Trend	Pop %
2021	180	170	19.0%	94.4%	5	0.0%	2.8%	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
2016	215	210	10.6%	97.7%	5	0.0%	2.3%	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
2011	240	235	16.1%	97.9%	5	n/a%	2.1%	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
2006	280	280	7.1%	100.0%	0	100.0%	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%	0	100.0%	0.0%
2001	280	260	1.9%	92.9%	10	n/a%	3.6%	0	0.0%	0.0%	10	n/a%	3.6%
1996	265	265	n/a	100.0%	0	n/a	0.0%	0	n/a	0.0%	0	n/a	0.0%

Local government

List of former mayors:^[15]

No mayor 1902–1984 (no municipal organization)
Raymond Bond (1984–1986)
Mario Auclair (1986–1988, 1993–2002)
Jean-Guy Joubert (1988–1989)
Fernand Tremblay (1989–1990)
No mayor 1990–1993 (under government supervision)
Denis Malouin (2002–2005)
Denis Duteau (2005–2013)
Jean-François Boudreault (2013–2015)
John Pineault (2016–2021)
Hélène Boulanger (2021–present)

Time zone

Anticosti Island is bisected by the 63rd meridian west, and as a result, the eastern part of the municipality is officially within the AST legislated time zone boundary. However, in practice, all of L'Île-d'Anticosti observes the Eastern Time Zone (EST and EDT).^[16]

Education

Commission scolaire du Littoral operates St-Joseph School (francophone) in Port-Menier.^[17]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Banque de noms de lieux du Québec: Reference number 177366". toponymie.gouv.qc.ca (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec.
^ ^a ^b "L'Île-d'Anticosti". Répertoire des municipalités (in French). Ministère des Affaires municipales et de l'Habitation. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
^ ^a ^b "L'Île-d'Anticosti, Quebec (Code 2498020) Census Profile". 2021 census. Government of Canada - Statistics Canada.
^ "Histoire d'Anticosti" (in French). Municipalité de L'Île-d'Anticosti. Archived from the original on 2010-05-05. Retrieved 2009-11-05.
^ "Anticosti inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List". Parrks Canada. September 19, 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2024. There are currently more than 1,440 known fossil species on Anticosti Island
^ "Anticosti". UNESCO World Heritage Convention. 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2024. Anticosti is the best natural laboratory in the world for the study of fossils and sedimentary strata from the first mass extinction of life at the end of the Ordovician period
^ ^a ^b ^c "Vauréal canyon". Commission de toponymie Quebec (in French). Commission de Toponymy Quebec. 1984-10-04. Retrieved 29 July 2024. ... 3 kilometer canyon, whose walls can reach more than 90 meters in height
^ "Vauréal River". Quebec Gouvernement (in French). Commission de Toponymy Quebec. 1968-12-05. Retrieved 29 July 2024. Originally, it was known under the name Morsal or Maujerol in memory of a French Huguenot from Avignon.
^ "2021 Community Profiles". 2021 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. February 4, 2022. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
^ "2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. August 12, 2021. Retrieved 2018-07-10.
^ "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. March 21, 2019. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
^ "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. August 20, 2019.
^ "2001 Community Profiles". 2001 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. July 18, 2021.
^ ^a ^b 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 census
^ "Répertoire des entités géopolitiques: L'Île-d'Anticosti (municipalité) 26.3.1902 - ..." www.mairesduquebec.com. Institut généalogique Drouin. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
^ National Research Council Canada - Time Zones & Daylight Saving Time Archived 2010-03-17 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Schools and centers Archived 2017-09-23 at the Wayback Machine." Commission scolaire du Littoral. Retrieved on September 23, 2017.