Born on 3 January 1949 in Pollachi, a border town in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Kuppamuthu Dharmalingam did his schooling at Gandhi Kala Nilayam High School and secured his graduate and master's degrees in zoology from Thiagarajar College, Madurai before enrolling for PhD at Madurai Kamaraj University (MKU) under the guidance of J. Jayaraman, working on yeast mitochondrial membrane biogenesis.[citation needed] After obtaining his doctoral degree, he did his post-doctoral research with Edward D. Goldberg at Tufts University School of Medicine on genetics of bacteriophages. Returning to India, he joined MKU[5] and spent his entire academic career there but had a short stint at University of Geneva in between. During his early researches on Escherichia coli, a gram-negative bacterium, he discovered the induction of mutagenic DNA repair during restriction of nonglucosylated T4 DNA and the alleviation of restriction by SOS functions.[6] Subsequently, he studied the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium leprae using proteomics tools and discovered the single nucleotide polymorphism in the unique small alpha crystalline like heat shock protein in the gram-positive bacterium.[7] His researches have been documented in over 200 articles; ResearchGate, an online repository of scientific papers, has listed 48 of them.[8]
Post retirement, Dharmalingam has been working since 2013 as a director of Aravind Medical Research Foundation, a Tamil Nadu-based research centre, ophthalmic hospital chain and a World Health Organization collaborating centre for the prevention of blindness.[12]