Nikolaj Kunsthal'Maven' / 'The Stomach', Nikolaj Church'Maven' / 'The Stomach', Nikolaj Church
Nikolaj Kunsthal is a contemporary arts center in Copenhagen which occupies the former St. Nicholas Church.[1][2] It is one of the city's oldest churches and an architectural landmark.[3] It is situated on Nikolaj Plads, a few steps away from Amagertorv and Strøget. The church building is noted for its fanciful Neo-Baroque 90 m (300 ft) long spire.[4] The tower is the third highest in Copenhagen.[5]
History and architecture
St Nicholas Church
The original church building was constructed in the early thirteenth century and is one of Copenhagen’s oldest churches. It was located near Copenhagen's shore of the Øresund, and named after the patron saint of seafarers St. Nicholas.[4] The church did not have a tower or spire when it was originally built. In 1530, the Lutheran theologian Hans Tavsen (1494–1561) preached the first Lutheran sermon within Copenhagen in St Nicholas Church.[6] He became known as the ‘Danish Luther’ and the church was the center of the Lutheran Reformation in Copenhagen. The Dutch renaissance church tower was built in 1591. During a winter storm in 1628, the church lost its spire.
The fire of 1795 burned down most of the building, and there was not enough funding to rebuild it. In 1805, the congregation was dissolved and it was no longer an official church. Though church ruins were demolished, the sturdy tower survived and can be seen in the front hall of Nikolaj Kunsthal today.
A versatile tower for business and culture
From 1805 to 1868, the ruins of the tower functioned as a fire outlook post for the City Watchmen. The tower also functioned as a ‘time-ball’ from 1868 to 1908. Every day at 1pm a large ball would fall down on a pole, letting the locals and ships know what time it was. Until the second half of the 1800, the surrounding area functioned as Copenhagen meatpacking district and became known as ‘Maven (The Stomach).’ The artist and inventor Robert Storm Petersen began his career as an apprentice working in his fathers butchers shop in ‘Maven.’ Butcher stalls occupied the area around the tower until the second half of the 1800s when they were closed.[7]
Nikolaj Church towerNikolaj Church
The tower was also the focus of Hans Christian Andersen's drama, Love of Nicolai Tower performed in 1829 at the Royal Theatre.[8] When the internationally notable Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen returned to Copenhagen in 1838 after living and working for 40 years in Rome, a flag was hoisted on the tower when his ship approached to alert residents of his arrival.[9]
Nikolaj Church
The current building, which opened in 1912, is by a design of the architect, Hans Christian Amberg (1749–1815),[6] representing a modern reconstruction of the destroyed church. The building is recognised for its red bricks and Neo-Baroque church windows. The current spire is also a modern reconstruction of the original, financed in 1905 at the initiative and expense of the brewer Carl Jacobsen (1842-1914). A topping out ceremony for the new spire for the old Tower was held in 1909.[6][10][11] The 35-meter tower is the third highest in Copenhagen and adorned in iridescent green copper.
St Nicholas Church was rebuilt with the support of The Permanent Secretary P.N. Rentzmann and his sister Ida P.N. Rentzmann, who bequeathed their fortune to the reconstruction and reestablishment of the church. The Permanent Secretary P.N. Rentzmann lived in an apartment in the building until his death in 1923. The church was used by The Veterinary Council during First World War. With the completion of the renovation of the building, the mayor of Copenhagen decided that the church should be used for cultural activities, and it functioned as Copenhagen’s Public Library up until 1958 and a naval museum from 1958 to 1978. The church's organ was built by Marcussen & Son in 1930, and the first to have a mechanical action and slider chest in Denmark.[12]
Nikolaj Church organ
An art center in Copenhagen
In 1957, art pioneer Knud Pedersen established a fine art library in the building, providing the opportunity to borrow original artworks. During this period, the venue hosted several noteworthy avant-garde events and exhibitions, including some of the earliest international Fluxus performances organized by Knud Pedersen and Arthur Köpcke in 1962.[13]
Since 1981, the building has served as a Kunsthal and the City of Copenhagen's exhibition center for contemporary art. It was known as Nikolaj Udstillingsbygning till 2006, and Kunsthallen Nikolaj from 2006 to 2010. It has since 2010 been known as Nikolaj Kunsthal. Helene Nyborg Bay has since 2018 been Director of Nikolaj Kunsthal.
Nikolaj Kunsthal collaborates with a range of organisations locally, nationally and internationally in the realm of new artistic forms and media.[14][15] The art center's focusses on Copenhagen's contemporary art scene, presenting a program of changing exhibitions and events which has included artists Leonard Cohen, Andreas Emenius, Helmut Newton, Ditte Ejlerskov, HuskMitNavn, Candice Breitz and Superflex.[16][17][18][19]
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