Kermes (insect)

Kermes
Kermes echinatus mature reproductive females
Kermes ilicis mature reproductive females on holm oak
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
Family: Kermesidae
Genus: Kermes
Latreille, 1798
Species

See text

Kermes is a genus of gall-like scale insects in the family Kermesidae. They feed on the sap of oaks; the females produce a red dye, also called "kermes", that is the source of natural crimson.[1] The word "kermes" is derived from Turkish qirmiz or kirmizi (قرمز), "crimson" (both the colour and the dyestuff),[2] itself deriving from Persian *کرمست (*kermest) via Proto-Indo-Iranian *kŕ̥miš, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis (“worm”).[3]

The first instars are called "crawlers".[4] They are less than 0.5 millimetres (0.020 in) long, salmon-colored, and wingless with well-developed legs.[4] As adults, they demonstrate significant sexual dimorphism. Males are gnat-like with fragile wings, while females are bulbous with reduced legs and antennas, and are easily mistaken for buds or galls.[4]

There are some 20 species,[5] including:

References

  1. ^ Naturenet article with images and description of Kermes vermilio and its foodplant
  2. ^ "Crimson (n.)". Etymology Online. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  3. ^ "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷŕ̥mis", Wiktionary, the free dictionary, 2022-05-10, retrieved 2024-02-08
  4. ^ a b c Turner, Jay Cee; Buss, Eileen A.; Mayfield, Albert E., III (June 2005). "Kermes Scales (Hemiptera: Kermesidae) on Oaks" (PDF). Entomology Circular (416). Fla. Dept. of Agriculture & Cons. Svs. Division of Plant Industry.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Spodek, Malkie; Ben-Dov, Yair (2012). "Morphology of the first-instar nymph and adult female of Kermes echinatus Balachowsky, with a comparison to K. vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae)". ZooKeys (246): 11–26. Bibcode:2012ZooK..246...11S. doi:10.3897/zookeys.246.3766. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 3520143. PMID 23275748.


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