Kenya People's Union

Kenya People's Union
Leader	Oginga Odinga
Deputy Leader	Bildad Kaggia
Founder	Oginga Odinga
Founded	1966
Dissolved	1969 (banned)
Split from	KANU
Ideology	Socialism
Political position	Left-wing
Politics of Kenya Political parties Elections

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The Kenya People's Union (KPU) was a socialist political party in Kenya led by Oginga Odinga. The party was banned in 1969.

History

Formation

In March 1966 a left-wing faction of the governing Kenya African National Union (KANU) instigated a mass defection from the party and formed the KPU.^[1] KANU responded by amending Kenya's constitution to force a 'little general election' in June 1966. All MPs who defected to the KPU were nominated by the party to contest their seats. The KPU had wide support in the country with most districts having a KPU MP, although they were strongest amongst the Luo people in Nyanza province. Candidates in then Kikuyu-dominated Central province were trounced by KANU.^[2]

Harassment

The state, dominated by the KANU party, employed many tactics to disrupt the KPU.Local employers were pressured into dismissing any staff who supported the KPU. This led to the dismissal of over 35 civil servants with others demoted. Additionally, passports were seized for KPU members so as to stop their international travel whilst also forcing companies to dismiss any KPU supporting employees.^[3]

Three years of political harassment and detention of party leaders followed that ultimately brought about the end of the party. The New Nyanza General Hospital was opened on October 25, 1969 which the president Jomo Kenyatta was not excited about as it was built with Soviet money and seen as Odinga's project. Kenyatta did, however, lead the opening ceremonies of the hospital to boost his popularity in Nyanza Province. The Luo's were generally hostile towards as Tom Mboya had been murdered few months earlier, with many fingers pointing at Kenyatta. Riots opened at the opening ceremonies, when KPU supporters attacked Kenyatta's entourage. What followed is now often referred to as the Kisumu massacre. Over 10 people were killed, by official accounts, as Kenyatta's security personnel opened a fire against the demonstrators. Odinga and several other KPU officials were arrested two days after the incident.

Dissolution

Oginga Odinga was placed under house arrest on 29 October 1969, after violent anti-government demonstrations in Kisumu. His arrest, as well as other KPU MPs and officials, led to the storming of the Kenyan embassy in Moscow by Kenyan students.^[4]

The KPU was banned on October 30, 1969,^[5] claiming that the KPU and all its branches were "dangerous to the good government of the Republic of Kenya" and that the KPU had become "more subversive both in its nature and in its objectives".^[5] This action transformed Kenya into a de facto one-party state.^[6]

KPU politicians

The following politicians were affiliated with KPU. In the parenthesis is the constituency they represented.^[6]^[7]

References

^ Bethwell A. Ogot, William Robert Ochieng': Decolonization and independence in Kenya. 1995
^ Abner Cohen: Urban Ethnicity. Routledge, 2004. ISBN 0-415-32982-5
^ Hornsby, Charles (2012). Kenya : a history since independence. London New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-78076-501-3.
^ "Odinga arrested after Kenya clashes" (PDF). No. 23. Workers Press. October 29, 1969. p. 1. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
^ ^a ^b Emman Omari (August 12, 2013). "Tears and blood as Big 2 face off". Daily Nation. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Daily Nation, October 23, 2009: The incident that transformed Kenya into a de facto one-party state Archived 2018-02-01 at the Wayback Machine
^ Center for Multiparty Democracy: Politics and Parliamentarians in Kenya 1944–2007 Archived 2008-10-28 at the Wayback Machine

v t e Political parties in Kenya
Parliamentary (National Assembly seats)	Azimio la Umoja (167) Kenya Kwanza (155) United Democratic Alliance (138) Orange Democratic Movement (85) Jubilee Party (29) Wiper Democratic Movement – Kenya (25) Independents (17) Amani National Congress (7) FORD–Kenya (6) Democratic Action Party (5) Kenya African National Union (5) United Democratic Movement (5) Pamoja African Alliance (4) Kenya Union Party (3) Maendeleo Chap Chap Party (2) The Service Party (2) United Democratic Party (2) United Party of Independent Alliance (2) Chama Cha Kazi (1) Democratic Party (1) Grand Dream Development Party (1) National Agenda Party (1) National Ordinary People Empowerment Union (1) Movement for Democracy and Growth (1) National Agenda Party (1) United Progressive Alliance (1)
Extraparliamentary	Agano Party Alliance for Real Change Chama Cha Mashinani Chama Cha Mwananchi Chama Cha Uzalendo Communist Party of Kenya Conservative Party Economic Freedom Party Farmers Party Federal Party of Kenya Frontier Alliance Party KADU–Asili Kenya Social Congress Kenya National Congress Kenya National Democratic Alliance Kenya People's Party Madaraka People's Movement Maendeleo Democratic Party Mazingira Green Party of Kenya Mkenya Solidarity Movement Muungano Party Mwangaza Party National Democratic Movement National Labour Party National Party of Kenya NARC-Kenya New Democrats Party of Democratic Unity Party of Independent Candidates of Kenya FORD–Asili Labour Party of Kenya National Vision Party Party of National Unity Peoples Party of Kenya Peoples Democratic Party Progressive Party of Kenya Restore and Build Kenya Roots Party Kenya Saba Saba – Asili Safina Shirikisho Party of Kenya Sisi Kwa Sisi Unity Party of Kenya
Defunct	African People's Party Alliance Party of Kenya Amani Coalition Baluhya Political Union Capricorn Africa Society Ford–People Grand National Union Independent Group Jubilee Alliance Kenya African Democratic Union Kenya Coalition Kenya Freedom Party Kenya Indian Congress Kenya People's Union Nairobi People's Convention Party National Rainbow Coalition New Ford Kenya New Kenya Party Nyanza Province African Union Party of Development and Reforms Reform Party Shungwaya Freedom Party The Independent Party The National Alliance United Republican Party United Democratic Forum
Portal:Politics List of political parties Politics of Kenya

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