Tied as the second worst fire incident in Philippine history
On May 13, 2015, a fire broke out at the Kentex manufacturing factory in Valenzuela, Metro Manila, Philippines. 72 people were killed in the fire, making the incident the joint-second worst fire disaster in Philippine history alongside the Manor Hotel fire in 2001; only the Ozone Disco Club fire in 1996 had claimed more lives.[a][1]
Fire
Kentex is a small manufacturer of flip flops and other rubber shoes located in Valenzuela City, within Metro Manila, Philippines.[2][3] It is one of many similar businesses serving the local market in a poor area of town.[3]
On May 13, 2015, a fire broke out when welding sparks ignited chemicals stored near the entrance of the Kentex factory.[2] It is possible, although unconfirmed, that welding works was being carried out on the doors of one of the main entrances to the building.[3] Thick, black smoke engulfed the building as rubber and chemicals burned. The fire spread quickly and few people escaped. Unable to leave, trapped workers retreated to the second floor and attempted to call relatives for help.[2]
It took five hours for the fire department to get the blaze under control. The fire left the building unstable, causing a delay in the retrieval of the dead while engineers secured the building.[2]
Aftermath
At least 72 people were killed in the fire.[3] Most of the victims likely suffocated from smoke inhalation.[2] Many bodies were badly burnt, "reduced to skulls and bones" in some cases. Seventy-three of the 74 bodies were found on the factory's second floor. The Barangay Maysan village hall was converted into a temporary morgue to store the dead.[3]
On May 14, Valenzuela City fire chief Mel Jose Lagan and senior inspector Ed-Groover Oculam were placed on administrative leave as authorities investigated possible wrongdoing. Before the announcement, Lagan was adamant that firefighters had not been negligent. He said that the arson unit would look into how the workers became trapped, saying that there were sufficient exits to the building.[3]
Survivors of the blaze claimed that the factory had sweatshop-like conditions and blamed the large loss of life on barred windows. The workers worked for "well below minimum wage" and endured foul smells, according to families of the victims and the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines. Pay was dependent on the number of shoes produced, creating wages as little as 300 pesos (US$6.70) in a 12-hour day (minimum wage is 481 pesos). Other survivors said that the company was not making required social security and health insurance payments. A survivor who escaped from the first floor remarked, "They were screaming for help, holding onto the bars. When we could no longer see their hands, we knew they had died ... they died because they were trapped on the second floor."[3] Another survivor remarked, "We were running not knowing exactly where to go ... if people had known what to do, it would have been different."[3]
Acting national police chief Leonardo Espina said, "Someone will definitely be charged because of the deaths.".[3] Interior Secretary Mar Roxas promised justice for the victims, and said that he was angered by the apparent cause (welding near flammable materials) and insufficient exits in the factory. The factory workers had apparently received no safety training.[3] Initial investigations indicated that the factory had no sprinklers and the building was overcrowded during work hours. Additionally, a substantial portion of the work force had been recruited by an illegal sub-contractor.[4]
A September 2014 government assessment found Kentex in compliance with safety requirements. According to the Department of Labor and Employment, the company had an established safety committee.[3]
On 17 May, the welder whose activity caused the fire sought police protection, claiming that he was receiving death threats. The welder said that he had been working on the factory's roll-up door where deliveries were received, including flammable chemicals. The chemicals were stored near the delivery point and were ignited by a stray spark from the welding. A statement from Labor Secretary Rosalinda Baldoz the same day said that charges were likely to be filed against Kentex's owners. Roxas said that the inspectors who signed off on the factory's fire safety would also face a probe.[4]
In early March 2016, the Office of the Ombudsman ordered the dismissal of Valenzuela City Mayor Rex Gatchalian and six other city and fire officials for grave misconduct and gross neglect of duty in connection with the factory fire.[5] The Ombudsman said that Gatchalian, Padayao, Carreon, and Avendan were liable for issuing business permits to Kentex in 2015 despite its delinquent status.[5] Gatchalian subsequently secured a temporary restraining order from the Court of Appeals against the dismissal order. He also said that the order would have a chilling effect on mayors from highly urbanized cities who issue provisional business permits to establishments.[6]
As of 2019, the former site of Kentex Manufacturing Company Building still stands but remains unused and derelict.
In popular culture
The 2022 film Nocebo loosely bases its subplot on the fire. The end credits contain the statement "JUSTICE FOR ALL KENTEX WORKERS" after mentioning the credits for its ending track Pugon by The General Strike, which also references the fire.[7][8]
Notes
^If terrorist attacks would be included, the 2004 bombing of MV SuperFerry 14 – which killed 116 people – would be the second-deadliest fire in Philippine history.
