The Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary is a 4.537-square-kilometre (1.752 sq mi) protected area and Ramsar site, located in the Ariyalur District of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The sanctuary is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Thanjavur. This freshwater lake is fed by Pullambadi, Kattalal canal and attracts thousands of birds every year. This lake was declared as a sanctuary in 1999[1] by the Government of Tamil Nadu and in 2024, it became a Ramsar site.[2] About 200 birds are species recorded from this sanctuary.[3][4] Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary is one of the Important Bird Areas (IBA's) of Tamil Nadu (Code No. IN268, Criteria: A1, A4i, A4iii).[5][6]
The sanctuary is a large irrigation tank located in the northern alluvial plains of the Kaveri river. It is fed during the northeast monsoons by the Pullambadi canal. It is also referred to together with another nearby tank and called Vettakudi-Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary.[8][9][6] Farm lands especially paddy, sugarcane, cotton, castor and maize are surrounded by this lake and irrigated from this lake. Acacia nilotica planted inside the lake is serving as a major nesting site for birds.[8]
Other fauna inhabit this region are Golden Jackal, Black-naped hare, Indian grey mongoose and nearly 15 species of fish were reported [13]
Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary attracts birdwatchers mainly during the winter season. Interpretation centre explaining the importance of the wetland and waterfowl of this sanctuary was established and opened for public in 2015.[14]
The Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary had been declared as a Ramsar site - A Ramsar site is a wetland site designated to be of international importance under the Ramsar Convention,[1] also known as "The Convention on Wetlands", an international environmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, under the auspices of UNESCO. It came into force on 21 December 1975, when it was ratified by a sufficient number of nations. It provides for national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources.[1] Ramsar identifies wetlands of international importance, especially those providing waterfowl habitat.
^Relton, A. & A.Moses (1997). Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary – A Paradise of waterfowls near Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. J. Ecobiol. 9(1):75-76.
^ abcGokula, V., 2013. Avifauna of Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India. Zoos’ Print 28: 23–29
^ abIslam, M.Z. & A.R. Rahmani (2004). Important Bird Areas in India: Priority sites for conservation. Indian Bird Conservation Network: Bombay Natural History Society and Birdlife International (UK).Pp.xviii+1133
^ abBirdLife International (2017) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Karaivetti Wildlife Sanctuary. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 23/06/2017.
^Relton, A.;Gelderloos, O.;Linda, 1997. Osprey in Karaivetti Lake near Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu. Newsletter for Birdwatchers. 37: (4) 68.
^ abcSubramanya, S. 2006. Heronries of Tamil Nadu. Indian Birds. 1: (6) 126–140 (2005)
^Gokula, V. 2011. Breeding biology of the Spot-billed Pelican ( Pelecanus philippensis ) in Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India. Chinese Birds. 2: (2) 101–108.
^Islam, M.Z. & A.R. Rahmani (2004). Important Bird Areas in India: Priority sites for conservation. Indian Bird Conservation Network: Bombay Natural History Society and Birdlife International (UK).Pp.xviii+1133
