Kamp Schoorl

Kamp Schoorl Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Schoorl
Concentration camp
Kamp Schoorl during the Second World War
Location of the camp in the Netherlands
Coordinates	52°42′18″N 4°41′9.60″E / 52.70500°N 4.6860000°E / 52.70500; 4.6860000
Other names	Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Schoorl
Location	Schoorl, Netherlands
Built by	Dutch army
Operated by	SS
Original use	Army camp
First built	1939
Operational	December 1940 - October 1941^[1]
Notable books	Het Kamp Schoorl by Albert Boer

Schoorl transit camp (Dutch: Kamp Schoorl, German: Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Schoorl), originally a Dutch army camp (1939–1940), was a Nazi concentration camp (1940–1941) near the village of Schoorl in the Netherlands.

History

Kamp Schoorl^[2]^[3] was built in 1939 as a Dutch army camp. Nazi Germany occupied the Netherlands from May 1940 until May 1945.

Among the prisoners were people from The Netherlands, England, Belgium and France. After a few months the French and the Belgians were released. In September 1940 the English prisoners were transferred to a German camp in the Polish town of Toszek. The first Jews captured during the razzia (pogrom) of 22 and 23 February 1941 in Amsterdam (Jonas Daniël Meijerplein [nl]) were transferred to the camp in an army truck. The group of 425 people only stayed for four days after which they were transferred to Buchenwald concentration camp where in June 1941 they were again transferred to Mauthausen concentration camp. Only two of this group survived the war.

For about 1,900 people the camp was their first camp before being transferred to other camps. More than 1,000 of them never returned, mainly Jews and political prisoners.

The regime in the camp was mild compared to the other Dutch camps. There was no heavy labour and there was enough food.

In October 1941 the camp was closed by the Germans because the camp was too small and located between the dunes. It was not easy to enlarge it. Some of the prisoners were released, but most were transferred to Kamp Amersfoort, and 25 women were transported directly to Ravensbrück concentration camp.

Until the end of the war, militia of the Wehrmacht and the Organisation Todt used the camp as a base.

After the war the camp was used to imprison members of the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (NSB) and was finally demolished in 1950.

Commanders

The first commander was SS-Untersturmführer Arnold Schmidt. He was succeeded by SS-Untersturmführer Johann Friedrich Stöver. SS-Untersturmführer Karl Peter Berg was camp commander from June 1941 until its closure in October 1941.^[4]

Book

Het Kamp Schoorl is the title of a book in Dutch by Albert Boer, dealing with the history of Kamp Schoorl.^[5]

References

^ "Schoorl, monument aan de Oorsprongweg" (in Dutch), Nationaal Comité 4 en 5 mei. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
^ "Kamp Schoorl". www.4en5mei.nl.
^ Kamp Schoorl Archived 2009-06-01 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Nederland in de Tweede Wereldoorlog - Kamp Schoorl". www.tweede-wereldoorlog.org. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
^ Boer, Albert (2007). Het Kamp Schoorl. The Hague: Conserve, Uitgeverij. ISBN 978-90-5429-240-1.

External links

Media related to Kamp Schoorl at Wikimedia Commons

The Holocaust

By territory	Albania Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Bohemia and Moravia Slovakia Sudetenland Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Bulgarian-occupied Greece Hungary Italy and colonies Libya Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Soviet Union Belarus Russia Ukraine Yugoslavia Croatia Serbia
Overview	Evidence and documentation Contemporary knowledge Hidden children Timeline
Response	International response Japan Philippines Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey United States Vatican Rescue of Jews by Catholics by Poles Righteous Among the Nations

Camps and ghettos

Concentration

Extermination

Transit

Methods

Nazi units

Ghettos (list)

Poland	Białystok Kraków Łódź Lublin Lwów Radom Warsaw
Elsewhere	Budapest Kovno Minsk Riga Theresienstadt Vilna
Judenrat	Jewish Ghetto Police Reich Association of Jews in Germany Ústredňa Židov

Victims

Jews

Roundups	Izieu Marseille Vel' d'Hiv
Pogroms	Kristallnacht Bucharest Dorohoi Iași 1941 pogroms in eastern Poland Jedwabne Lviv in Lithuania Kaunas
"Final Solution"	Wannsee Conference Operation Reinhard Holocaust trains
Mass executions	Einsatzgruppen Babi Yar Harvest Festival Kamianets-Podilskyi Maly Trostenets Ninth Fort Odesa Piaśnica Ponary Rumbula
Resistance	Jewish partisans Bielski partisans Ghetto uprisings Warsaw Białystok Częstochowa
Rescue	Aid and Rescue Committee Attack on the twentieth convoy Kastner train Le Chambon-sur-Lignon Danish underground Working Group Żegota

Others

Responsibility

List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust

Organizations	Nazi Party Schutzstaffel (SS) Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) Referat IV B4 Sicherheitsdienst (SD) Ordnungspolizei (Orpo) Waffen-SS Wehrmacht
Units	Einsatzgruppen Police Regiments Order Police battalions
Collaborators	Arajs Kommando Lithuanian Security Police Nederlandsche SS Rollkommando Hamann Special Brigades Topf and Sons Trawnikis Ukrainian Auxiliary Police Ypatingasis būrys

Early elements
Aftermath
Remembrance

Early elements	Nazi racial policy Nazi eugenics Nuremberg Laws Haavara Agreement Hitler's prophecy Jewish war conspiracy theory Jewish emigration Kindertransport Madagascar Plan Nisko Plan Forced euthanasia (Action T4)
Aftermath	Depopulated shtetls Holocaust survivors Sh'erit ha-Pletah Bricha List Postwar violence Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law Nuremberg trials Eichmann trial Holocaust restitution Reparations Agreement Holocaust denial trivialization
History and memory	Academia Books and other resources Days of remembrance Education Films Lessons Memorials and museums Uniqueness Armenian genocide and the Holocaust Humor Righteous Among the Nations Yad Vashem Yizkor books "Never again"

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