Kamianske

Kamianske

Кам'янське
Kamianske Кам'янське
City
	Flag Coat of arms
	Kamianske Location of Kamianske Kamianske Kamianske (Ukraine)
	Coordinates: 48°31′0″N 34°36′48″E / 48.51667°N 34.61333°E
Country	Ukraine
Oblast	Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
Raion	Kamianske Raion
Hromada	Kamianske urban hromada
First mentioned	1750
Government
• Mayor	Andriy Bilousov
Area
• City	138 km2 (53 sq mi)
Elevation	120 m (390 ft)
Population (2022)
• City	226,845
• Density	1,600/km2 (4,300/sq mi)
• Metro	238,832
Postal code	51900
Area code	+380-5692
Website	http://kam.gov.ua/

Kamianske (Ukrainian: Кам'янське, IPA: [kɐmjɐnʲˈsʲkɛ] ^ⓘ), previously known as Dniprodzerzhynsk from 1936 to 2016,^[a] is an industrial city in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine, and a port on the Dnieper River. It serves as the administrative center of Kamianske Raion. Kamianske hosts the administration of Kamianske urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.^[2] Population: 226,845 (2022 estimate).^[1]

On 19 May 2016, it was renamed back to its historical name of Kamianske.^[3] Along with the city's name change, the city's hydroelectric station was renamed to Middle Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Plant.

Besides the hydroelectric station, the city houses a few other industrial enterprises: Prydniprovsky Chemical Plant (closed in 1991), Bahley Coke Factory and Dnieper Metallurgical Combine.

History

The first written evidence of settlement in the territory of Kamianske appeared in 1750. At that time the villages of Romankove and Kamianske, which make up the modern city, formed a part of the Nova ("New") Sich of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. The city was known as Kamianske (Ukrainian: Кам'янське; Russian: Каменское, romanized: Kamenskoye, lit. 'Stony Place') until 1936,^[4] when it was renamed Dniprodzerzhynsk – the name honored the Dnieper River and the Bolshevik leader Felix Dzerzhynsky (1877–1926), the founder of the Soviet secret police, the Cheka.

On 11 August 1979, two Aeroflot passenger jets, collided in mid-air near Dniprodzerzhynsk, killing all 178 people on both aircraft.

On 15 May 2015, the president of Ukraine, Petro Poroshenko, signed a bill into law that started a six-month period for the removal of communist monuments and the mandatory renaming of settlements with names related to communism.^[5] The following year, on 19 May 2016, the Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada voted to rename Dniprodzerzhynsk, which reverted to using its historic name Kamianske.^[6]

Until 18 July 2020, Kamianske was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and the center of Kamianske Municipality. The municipality was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven. The area of Kamianske Municipality was merged into newly established Kamianske Raion.^[7]^[8]

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, on 8 April 2022, almost 12,000 people from the surrounding areas were temporarily evacuated to the city due to active hostilities.^[9] By 1 September, the number had increased to 35,000 people.^[10]

Population

Language

Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:^[11]

Language	Percentage
Ukrainian	64.85%
Russian	34.47%
other/undecided	0.68%

Geography

While mostly located on right bank of Dnieper, Kamianske stretches over the hydroelectric station onto the left bank where the portion of city is known as "Livyi bereh" neighborhood (literally Left bank). The neighborhood arches to the west of the Kamianske's suburb of Kurylivka.

To the east Kamianske municipality borders Dnipro city creating an urban sprawl.

Kamianske is a city with a very difficult environmental conditions. The city is on the top 10 of the most air-polluted cities of Ukraine.^[12] There have been suggestions to assign the status of the ecological disaster city. Right-bank part of the city is mostly polluted, where the metallurgical, chemical industrial enterprises are located.

In 2008, an interdepartmental commission for solving environmental problems was created.^[13]

Climate

The climate is moderately continental, dry.^[14] The amount of precipitation per year is about 400 mm. The average daily temperature is -6°C in January, + 21°C in July.^[15]

Administrative divisions

Kamianske is divided into three urban districts.

Dniprovskyi District (western city district)
- neighborhoods: Romankove (former settlement), Livyi bereh
Zavodskyi District (central city district)
- neighborhoods: City center, Dnieper Metallurgical Combine
Pivdennyi District (south and eastern city parts)^[16]^[17]
- settlements: Karnaukhivka, Svitle
- neighborhoods: Sotsmisto, Pivdennyi, Bahliy Coke Factory, DniproAzot and Prydniprovskyi Chemical Factory

Economy

The economic base of Kamianske is almost exclusively centered on heavy industry, with ferrous metallurgy being the backbone of the local economy. Around 57% of the total industrial production is metallurgy and metal working. The chemical industry comes second with a 17% share of the total industrial output.^[18] While the exceedingly industrialized nature of the local economy ensures a rather high employment rate (as of 1 November 2007, official unemployment stood at 1.40%),^[19] it also contributes to excessive pollution and radiation levels in the city.^[20]

Prydniprovsky Chemical Plant (closed down)
Bahley Coke Factory
Dnieper Metallurgical Combine
DniproAzot
Dniprodzerzhynsk Cement Factory
Dniprodzerzhynsk Electrical Central
Middle Dnieper Hydroelectric Plant

Culture

Several Eastern Orthodox churches, the largest being the Orthodox Cathedral of Saint Nicholas, which dates from 1894,^[21] serve the faithful of the city. By 2018, there were 22 parishes of Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Kamianske.^[22]

The Roman Catholic Church of Saint Nicholas^[23] built by the city's Polish community at the end of the nineteenth century, has become one of the centers of Roman Catholicism in Eastern Ukraine. The Catholic Parish of Saint Nicholas also includes a monastery run by the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin.^[23]

The city has an active Jewish community with a large synagogue and a charity center.^[24]