Kamal al-Din Gurg

Malik Kamāl al-Dīn "Gurg" or Kamaluddin-e Gurg (Persian: کمال الدین گرگ; died late 1315 or early 1316), was a general of the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji. He played an important role in Alauddin's conquest of the Siwana (1308) and Jalore (1311) forts. After Alauddin's death, he was sent by Malik Kafur to suppress a revolt in Gujarat, where he was killed.

Map
Delhi, Siwana, and Jalore

Early life

Kamal al-Din (also transliterated as Kamaluddin) belonged to a family that originated from Kabul in present-day Afghanistan. He was known as "Gurg" ("the wolf").[1]

Military conquests

Main articles: Siege of Siwana and Siege of Jalore

After other generals of Alauddin failed to capture the Siwana fort in the preceding years, in 1308, he personally led an expedition to Siwana. Kamal al-Din accompanied Alauddin in this campaign, and held charge of the siege engines (munjaniqs).[2] After the Delhi army captured the fort, it was renamed Khayrabad, and assigned to Kamal al-Din.[3]

In 1311, Alauddin sent an army to capture Siwana's neighbour Jalore. After his other generals failed to capture the fort, he dispatched Kamal al-Din to conquer it.[4] Kamalauddin captured the fort after a siege that resulted in the deaths of the defending ruler Kanhadadeva and his son Viramadeva.[5] After this victory, Kamal al-Din held the iqta' of Jalor.[6]

Last days

During the last days of Alauddin's reign, Kamal al-Din allied with Alauddin's slave-general Malik Kafur, who held the executive power during Alauddin's sickness. The two men were probably part of a group of non-Khalaj officers that tried to seize power from the Khalaj establishment of the Sultanate. According to the chronicler Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi, in 1315, Kamal al-Din participated in Malik Kafur's murder of Alp Khan, an influential rival nobleman, the governor of Gujarat and Alauddin's brother in-law. Alp Khan had been accused of conspiring to kill Alauddin, but this might have been Kafur's propaganda.[7]

The news of Alp Khan's murder led to a revolt in Gujarat, and Kafur sent Kamal al-Din to suppress the revolt.[1] Kamal al-Din was killed in late 1315 or early 1316 in Gujarat, during a military operation.[6] His son Taj al-Din Hushang (or Hoshang) inherited the 'iqta of Jalor,[1] and later served as the muqta (provincial governor) of Hansi.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c Peter Jackson 2003, p. 177.
  2. ^ Banarsi Prasad Saksena 1992, p. 396.
  3. ^ Peter Jackson 2003, p. 198.
  4. ^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 51.
  5. ^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 53.
  6. ^ a b Iqtidar Alam Khan 2008, p. 85.
  7. ^ Peter Jackson 2003, pp. 176–177.
  8. ^ Peter Jackson 2003, p. 268.

Bibliography

  • Ashok Kumar Srivastava (1979). The Chahamanas of Jalor. Sahitya Sansar Prakashan. OCLC 12737199.
  • Banarsi Prasad Saksena (1992) [1970]. "The Khaljis: Alauddin Khalji". In Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (ed.). A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526). Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House. OCLC 31870180.
  • Iqtidar Alam Khan (2008). Historical Dictionary of Medieval India. Scarecrow. ISBN 9780810864016.
  • Peter Jackson (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.