PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Kalimantan
Kalimantan
Region
	Location of Kalimantan (Indonesia) in Borneo Island
	Coordinates: 1°S 114°E / 1°S 114°E
Country	Indonesia
Province	West Kalimantan; Central Kalimantan; South Kalimantan; East Kalimantan; North Kalimantan
Largest cities	Samarinda; Balikpapan; Pontianak; Banjarmasin; Palangkaraya; Banjarbaru; Tarakan; Singkawang; Bontang
Other towns	Tanjung Selor
Population (mid 2023 estimate)
• Total	17,259,155
ISO 3166 code	ID-KA
Vehicle sign	DA; KB; KH; KT; KU
HDI	0.708 (High)

Kalimantan (Indonesian pronunciation: [kaliˈmantan]) is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo.^[2] It constitutes 73% of the island's area, and consists of the provinces of Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan. The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are Brunei and East Malaysia. Colloquially in Indonesia, the whole island of Borneo is also called "Kalimantan".^[2]

In 2019, President of Indonesia Joko Widodo proposed that Indonesia's capital be moved to Kalimantan. The People's Consultative Assembly approved the Law on State Capital in January 2022.^[3] The future capital, Nusantara, is a planned city that will be carved out of East Kalimantan. A government official said construction is expected to be fully complete by 2045,^[4] but the unfinished capital officially celebrated Indonesian Independence Day for the first time and it was scheduled to be inaugurated as the capital city on 17 August 2024,^[5] but the move did not take place due to delays of construction.^[6]

Etymology

The name Kalimantan is derived from the Sanskrit word Kalamanthana, which means "burning weather island" or "very hot island", referring to its hot and humid tropical climate. It consists of the two words kal[a] ("time, season, period") and manthan[a] ("boiling, churning, burning") because of Indianized culture ^[7] The native people of the Indonesian Borneo referred to their island as Pulu K'lemantan or "Kalimantan" when the sixteenth century Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes made contact with them.^[8]^[9] Due to Europeans encountering the Bruneian Sultanate in the north part of the island during the Age of Exploration, the entire island has come to be called Borneo in English, with Kalimantan being known as Indonesian Borneo, but this name is not used in Indonesia itself.

In the early twentieth century, the British colonist Charles Hose described Kalimantan as being home to a "Klemantan people", but this term is no longer in use as Kalimantan has always had many ethnic groups.

Area

Map of Kalimantan (light colour) and its component provinces.

The Indonesian territory makes up 73% of the island by area, and 72.1% of its 2020 population of 23,053,723 (the population was 13,772,543 at the 2010 Census of Indonesia, and 16,625,796 at the 2020 Census).^[10] The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are of Brunei (460,345 in 2020^[11]) and East Malaysia (5,967,582 in 2020), the latter comprising the states of Sabah (3,418,785) and Sarawak (2,453,677), and the federal territory of Labuan (95,120).

Kalimantan's total area is 534,698.27 square kilometres (206,448 sq mi).^[12]

The widespread deforestation and other environmental destruction in Kalimantan and other parts of Indonesia has often been described by academics as an ecocide.^[13]^[14]^[15]

Administrative divisions

Kalimantan is now divided into five provinces. It was administered as one province between 1945 and 1956, but in 1956 it was split into three provinces – East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and West Kalimantan; then in 1957, the province of Central Kalimantan was created when it was split away from the existing South Kalimantan. There remained four provinces until 25 October 2012, when North Kalimantan was split off from East Kalimantan. These are listed below with their areas in km² and their populations at the 2010 and 2020 Censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.

Provinces of Kalimantan
Province	Area (km²)	Pop'n (2010 Census)^[16]	Pop'n (2015 Interim Census)	Pop'n (2020 Census)^[10]	Pop'n mid-2023 estimate	Density per km² (2023)	Provin- cial capital	Largest metropolitan area
West Kalimantan	147,037.04	4,395,983	4,783,209	5,396,821	5,623,328	38.2	Pontianak	Pontianak
Central Kalimantan	153,443.90	2,202,599	2,490,178	2,669,969	2,773,747	18.1	Palangkaraya	Palangkaraya
South Kalimantan	37,135.05	3,626,119	3,984,315	4,062,584	4,222,330	113.7	Banjarbaru	Banjarmasin
East Kalimantan	126,981.28	3,550,586	3,422,676*	3,766,039	3,909,740	30.8	Samarinda	Balikpapan
North Kalimantan	70,101.00	524,526	639,639	701,814	730,010	10.4	Tanjung Selor	Tarakan
Total	534,698.27	14,299,813	15,320,017	16,597,227	17,259,155	32.3	–	Banjarmasin

^{* excluding North Kalimantan, split off from East Kalimantan with resulting population and area loss for the 2015 census.}

Demographics

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1971	5,154,774	—
1980	6,723,086	+30.4%
1990	9,099,874	+35.4%
1995	10,470,843	+15.1%
2000	11,331,558	+8.2%
2005	12,541,554	+10.7%
2010	14,299,813	+14.0%
2015	15,320,017	+7.1%
2020	16,597,227	+8.3%
2023	17,259,155	+4.0%
Sources: Statistics Indonesia^[17]

Ethnic groups

Number of the largest population of ethnic groups according to the 2010 census:

Ethnicity	West Kalimantan	Central Kalimantan	South Kalimantan	North and East Kalimantan	Total
Banjarese	14,430 (0.33%)	464,260 (21.28%)	2,686,627 (74.84%)	440,453 (12.45%)	3,605,770 (26.31%)
Dayak	1,531,989 (34.93%)	1,029,182 (46.62%)	80,708 (2.23%)	351,437 (9.94%)	2,993,316 (21.78%)
Javanese	427,238 (9.74%)	478,393 (21.67%)	523,276 (14.51%)	1,069,605 (30.24%)	2,498,512 (18.18%)
Malay	1,484,085 (33.84%)	87,348 (3.96%)	3,681 (0.10%)	6,053 (0.17%)	1,581,167 (11.51%)
Buginese	137,282 (3.13%)	17,104 (0.77%)	101,727 (2.81%)	735,819 (20.81%)	991,932 (7.22%)
Madurese	274,869 (6.27%)	42,668 (1.93%)	53,002 (1.47%)	46,823 (1.32%)	417,362 (3.04%)
Chinese	358,451 (8.17%)	5,130 (0.23%)	13,000 (0.36%)	32,757 (0.93%)	409,338 (2.98%)
Kutai	None	None	None	275,696 (7.80%)	275,696 (2.01%)
Sundanese	49,530 (1.13%)	28,580 (1.29%)	24,592 (0.68%)	55,659 (1.57%)	158,361 (1.15%)
Batak	26,486 (0.60%)	12,324 (0.56%)	12,408 (0.34%)	37,145 (1.05%)	88,363 (0.64%)
Others	80,996 (1.85%)	42,378 (1.92%)	114,971 (3.18%)	485,056 (13.72%)	723,401 (5.26%)
Total	4,385,356 (100%)	2,207,367 (100%)	3,613,992 (100%)	3,536,503 (100%)	13,743,218 (100%)

Religion

Number of the largest population of religious groups according to the 2010 census:

Religion	West Kalimantan	Central Kalimantan	South Kalimantan	North Kalimantan	East Kalimantan	Total
Islam	2,603,318 (59.22%)	1,643,715 (74.31%)	3,505,846 (96.67%)	378,478 (72.14%)	2,655,227 (87.68%)	10,786,584 (78.23%)
Protestantism	500,254 (11.38%)	353,353 (15.97%)	47,974 (1.32%)	109,358 (20.84%)	228,022 (7.53%)	1,238,961 (8.99%)
Roman Catholic	1,008,368 (22.94%)	58,279 (2.63%)	16,045 (0.44%)	29,366 (5.60%)	109,263 (3.61%)	1,221,321 (8.86%)
Hinduism	2,708 (0.06%)	11,149 (0.50%)	16,064 (0.44%)	288 (0.05%)	7,369 (0.24%)	37,578 (0.27%)
Buddhism	237,741 (5.41%)	2,301 (0.10%)	11,675 (0.32%)	3,879 (0.74%)	12,477 (0.41%)	268,073 (1.94%)
Confucianism	29,737 (0.68%)	414 (0.02%)	236 (0.01%)	175 (0.03%)	905 (0.03%)	31,467 (0.23%)
Other religions	2,907 (0.07%)	138,419 (6.26%)	16,465 (0.45%)	25 (0.00%)	824 (0.03%)	158,640 (1.35%)
Not Stated	671 (0.01%)	220 (0.01%)	3 (0.00%)	454 (0.09%)	1,497 (0.05%)	2,845 (0.02%)
Not Asked	10,279 (0.23%)	4,239 (0.19%)	12,308 (0.34%)	2,633 (0.50%)	12,903 (0.43%)	42,362 (0.31%)
Total	4,395,983 (100%)	2,212,089 (100%)	3,626,616 (100%)	524,656 (100%)	3,028,487 (100%)	13,787,831 (100%)

Number of the largest population of religious groups in 2023:

Religions	Total
Islam	13,566,483
Protestant	1,608,857
Roman Catholic	1,573,067
Buddhism	335,722
Hinduism	187,035
Confucianism	17,376
Aliran Kepercayaan	11,151
Overall	17,299,691

^[18]

Religion in Kalimantan (2023)^[18]

Islam (78.42%)

Protestantism (9.3%)

Roman Catholic (9.09%)

Buddhism (1.94%)

Hinduism (1.08%)

Confucianism (0.10%)

Folk religion and others (0.06%)

References

^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Kalimantan". Britannica. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
^ "Indonesia president proposes to move capital to Borneo". Reuters. 2021-07-16. Archived from the original on 2021-07-16. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
^ "Nusantara will replace Jakarta as the new capital of Indonesia". 18 January 2022.
^ Faris Mokhtar; Rieka Rahadiana (2 August 2022). "Indonesia Breaks Ground on Nusantara as Jakarta Sinks". Bloomberg.
^ "Indonesia's new capital isn't ready yet. The president is celebrating Independence Day there anyway". AP News. 2024-08-17. Retrieved 2024-08-18.
^ "Central Kalimantan Province". archipelago fastfact. 27 October 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
^ "Notice historique du royaume Banjarmasin (Bornéo) par M. le Baron T. Van Capellen, lieutenant d'artillerie , aide-de-camp de S. Exc. le gouverneur-général des indes néerlandaises" [Historical record of the Banjarmasin Kingdom (Borneo) by Baron T. Van Capellen, lieutenant of artillery, aide-de-camp of His Excellency, the Governor General of the Dutch Indies]. Le Moniteur des Indes-Orientales et Occidentales [The Monitor of the East and West Indies] (in French). The Hague, Netherlands: Belinfant Brothers. 1847. pp. 164.
^ "A Discourse Delivered at a Meeting of the Society of Arts and Sciences in Batavia, on the Twenty-fourth day of April 1813, being the Anniversary of the Institution, by the Honorable Thomas Stamford Raffles, President.". Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap, der Kunsten en Wetenschappen [Treatises of the Society of Arts and Sciences in Batavia]. Vol. 7. Batavia, Dutch East Indies: A. H. Hubbard. 1814. p. 21.
^ ^a ^b Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
^ "Department of Economic Planning and Development – Population". www.depd.gov.bn. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
^ "Indonesia General Info". Geohive.com. Archived from the original on 2009-10-15. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
^ "Forensic Architecture". forensic-architecture.org. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
^ "Explainer: What is ecocide?". Eco-Business. 2022-08-04. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
^ Aida, Melly; Tahar, Abdul Muthalib; Davey, Orima (2023), Perdana, Ryzal; Putrawan, Gede Eka; Saputra, Bayu; Septiawan, Trio Yuda (eds.), "Ecocide in the International Law: Integration Between Environmental Rights and International Crime and Its Implementation in Indonesia", Proceedings of the 3rd Universitas Lampung International Conference on Social Sciences (ULICoSS 2022), vol. 740, Paris: Atlantis Press SARL, pp. 572–584, doi:10.2991/978-2-38476-046-6_57, ISBN 978-2-38476-045-9
^ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
^ "Penduduk Indonesia menurut Provinsi 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 dan 2010". Archived from the original on 2013-07-01. Retrieved 2013-07-17.
^ ^a ^b "Visualisasi Data Kependudukan" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Home Affairs. 31 December 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2024.

External links

Kalimantan travel guide from Wikivoyage
MacKinnon, Kathy; Hatta, Gusti; Mangalik, Arthur; Halim, Hakimah (1996). The Ecology of Kalimantan. Periplus Editions. ISBN 9780945971733.

[Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024-1] Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2024.

[brit-2] "Kalimantan". Britannica. Retrieved 2008-02-26.

[3] "Indonesia president proposes to move capital to Borneo". Reuters. 2021-07-16. Archived from the original on 2021-07-16. Retrieved 2022-07-01.

[4] "Nusantara will replace Jakarta as the new capital of Indonesia". 18 January 2022.

[Bloomberg822-5] Faris Mokhtar; Rieka Rahadiana (2 August 2022). "Indonesia Breaks Ground on Nusantara as Jakarta Sinks". Bloomberg.

[6] "Indonesia's new capital isn't ready yet. The president is celebrating Independence Day there anyway". AP News. 2024-08-17. Retrieved 2024-08-18.

[7] "Central Kalimantan Province". archipelago fastfact. 27 October 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2014.

[8] "Notice historique du royaume Banjarmasin (Bornéo) par M. le Baron T. Van Capellen, lieutenant d'artillerie , aide-de-camp de S. Exc. le gouverneur-général des indes néerlandaises" [Historical record of the Banjarmasin Kingdom (Borneo) by Baron T. Van Capellen, lieutenant of artillery, aide-de-camp of His Excellency, the Governor General of the Dutch Indies]. Le Moniteur des Indes-Orientales et Occidentales [The Monitor of the East and West Indies] (in French). The Hague, Netherlands: Belinfant Brothers. 1847. pp. 164.

[9] "A Discourse Delivered at a Meeting of the Society of Arts and Sciences in Batavia, on the Twenty-fourth day of April 1813, being the Anniversary of the Institution, by the Honorable Thomas Stamford Raffles, President.". Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap, der Kunsten en Wetenschappen [Treatises of the Society of Arts and Sciences in Batavia]. Vol. 7. Batavia, Dutch East Indies: A. H. Hubbard. 1814. p. 21.

[Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-10] Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.

[11] "Department of Economic Planning and Development – Population". www.depd.gov.bn. Retrieved 2017-12-12.

[geoh-12] "Indonesia General Info". Geohive.com. Archived from the original on 2009-10-15. Retrieved 2009-08-11.

[13] "Forensic Architecture". forensic-architecture.org. Retrieved 2023-07-05.

[14] "Explainer: What is ecocide?". Eco-Business. 2022-08-04. Retrieved 2023-07-05.

[15] Aida, Melly; Tahar, Abdul Muthalib; Davey, Orima (2023), Perdana, Ryzal; Putrawan, Gede Eka; Saputra, Bayu; Septiawan, Trio Yuda (eds.), "Ecocide in the International Law: Integration Between Environmental Rights and International Crime and Its Implementation in Indonesia", Proceedings of the 3rd Universitas Lampung International Conference on Social Sciences (ULICoSS 2022), vol. 740, Paris: Atlantis Press SARL, pp. 572–584, doi:10.2991/978-2-38476-046-6_57, ISBN 978-2-38476-045-9

[Biro_Pusat_Statistik_2011-16] Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.

[17] "Penduduk Indonesia menurut Provinsi 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 dan 2010". Archived from the original on 2013-07-01. Retrieved 2013-07-17.

[RELIGION-18] "Visualisasi Data Kependudukan" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Home Affairs. 31 December 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2024.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Kalimantan

Etymology

Area

Administrative divisions

Demographics

Ethnic groups

Religion

See also

References

External links

Read other articles:

Sörtjärnen (Ramsele socken, Ångermanland, 705568-150671)

Sabina (region)

Tránsito vehicular

Peladen

حديثة الخريشا

John Surman

Катастрофа Ан-26 в Абу-аз-Зухурі

Convoy

Шацький національний природний парк

S. Iswaran

Hullabahoos

Guastatoya

Marry My Husband

Hisila: From Revolutionary to First Lady

Henri Félix Emmanuel Philippoteaux

Sable (video game)

Tech Mahindra

Turtles Go Hollywood

Pemusatan kepemilikan media

Sha Tin Pass