Born in Taboão da Serra, São Paulo, Kaique joined Santos' youth setup in 2013 at the age of 12.[1] On 22 March 2017, he signed his first professional contract after agreeing to a three-year deal.[2]
On 2 September 2019, Kaique signed a five-year contract with Serie A side Sampdoria,[4] for a rumoured fee of €1.2 million; Santos also retained 15% of a future sale.[5] After being initially assigned to the Primavera squad, he made his professional debut on 27 October 2020 by starting in a 1–0 Coppa Italia home win against Salernitana.[6]
On 30 August 2021, Kaique returned to his home country after agreeing to a two-year loan deal with Internacional.[7]
On 20 January 2023, Kaique's contract with Sampdoria was terminated by mutual consent.[8]