KV36

KV36
Burial site of Maiherpri
Depiction of Maiherpri in his Book of the Dead papyrus
KV36 is located in Egypt
KV36
KV36
Coordinates25°44′22.4″N 32°36′0.2″E / 25.739556°N 32.600056°E / 25.739556; 32.600056
LocationEast Valley of the Kings
DiscoveredMarch 1899
Excavated byVictor Loret
DecorationUndecorated
← Previous
KV35
Next →
KV37
Schematic of KV36

Tomb KV36 is the burial place of the noble Maiherpri of the Eighteenth Dynasty in the Valley of the Kings, Egypt.

Rediscovered on 30 March 1899 by Victor Loret in his second season in the Valley of the Kings, the tomb was found to be substantially undisturbed, but as it has for a long time not been properly published, it is not as well known as other burials in the valley.[1] All the objects found were taken to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo where they were published in the Catalogue General (short: CG). The only source for the arrangement of the objects in the burial chamber was a short article by Georg Schweinfurth.[2] He visited the tomb briefly before its contents were brought to Cairo. However, recently the notebooks of Loret were found and published, providing a detailed list and description of the objects found and their arrangement in the tomb chamber.[3]

History

Burial and robbery

Little is known about Maiherpri as he does not appear in sources outside the tomb. Only two titles appear on the objects within the burial: "child of the kap (nursery)" and "fan-bearer on the Right Side of the King". His Book of the Dead also calls him "companion of the King" and "one who follows the King on his marches to the Northern and Southern foreign countries." Examination of his mummy showed that he was a young man when he died, aged 25-30 years.[4]

He is generally thought to have been buried during the mid-Eighteenth Dynasty, between the reigns of Hatshepsut and Amenhotep III. More specific arguments by the Egyptologists Catharine Roehrig and Christian Orsenigo place his interment in the reigns of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III, while writer Dennis C. Forbes considers him a contemporary of Thutmose IV or Amenhotep III.[5]

Maiherpri's tomb was robbed at least once in antiquity. Thieves targeted easily recyclable objects such as clothing and fabric, jewellery, metal vessels, and cosmetics. Vases of oils were investigated but had gone rancid by the time of the robbery and were left in the tomb. His coffins were opened and his mummy was looted of the valuables included in the wrappings.[6] Robbers may have also stolen furniture such as boxes, chests and beds as these were absent from the KV36 but found in more intact contemporary tombs;[7] they seem to have stashed a small box inscribed for Maiherpri and containing two leather loincloths in a cleft above KV36, which was discovered on 26 February 1903 by Howard Carter during his clearance of the area around the tomb.[8][9]

Discovery and clearance

KV36 was discovered in 1899 during the second season of excavations by the French Egyptologist Victor Loret.[10] The then-director of the Antiquities Service focused his work in the southern Valley of the Kings, opening test pits or trenches to the bedrock (sondage) in likely-looking locations.[11][12] A map of the valley annotated by him indicates approximately 15 test excavations were sunk in the general vicinity of KV36 prior to its discovery.[13]

The tomb was discovered on 30 March 1899 in approximately the 16th test pit, cut into the gravel near the base of the cliffs to the south of the tomb of Amenhotep II.[14] At the base of the shaft was a partial blocking closing the door of the chamber. Loret entered the burial chamber on 31 March 1899; it was immediately apparent the tomb had been robbed but still contained much of its furnishings and burial equipment.[13] The large black-painted and gilded sarcophagus sat close to the north wall with a canopic chest at its foot; Loret read the name "Maiherpri" on the sarcophagus' gold inscription. Food offerings and bouquets were piled in the corner and large jars were clustered against the far wall. A large coffin lay overturned in the middle of the room. The rest of the space was strewn with various objects and personal belongings including ceramic and alabaster vessels, archery equipment, and two dog collars.[15][16]

The tomb was recorded and cleared quickly for fear of robbery, with everything packed into 16 crates by 7 April 1899. At least five photographs were taken of individual objects but none are known that show the chamber as it was discovered. The contents of KV36 were transported from the Valley of the Kings to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo which was housed in the former palace of Khedive Isma'il Pasha; when the new museum building opened in 1902 in Tahrir Square, they were displayed in their own large gallery on the second floor.[17][18]

Very little was known about KV36's excavation until the early 2000s.[10] Loret never published on the discovery and resigned as director of the Antiquities Service at the end of 1899.[11][19] In 2004, a collection of his notes and photographs preserved in the University of Milan, Italy and the Institut de France, Paris were published. Prior to this, the only records available of the tomb's discovery and arrangement of its contents was an account written in 1900 by Georg Schweinfurth[20] who visited the tomb during its clearance, and a list of contents published in 1902 by Georges Daressy[21] in a volume of Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire.[11][13]

Architecture

KV36 is located in the Valley of the Kings between the tombs of Amenhotep II (KV35) and Bay (KV13),[10] cut into the floor of the valley opposite the entrance of the wadi that contains the tomb of Thutmose III (KV34).[22] The tomb of Maiherpri is a small shaft tomb with a chamber at the bottom on its west side.[10] The burial chamber was undecorated, as with all burial chambers of non-royals in the Valley of the Kings. It is 3.90 m (12.8 ft) long and 4.10 m (13.5 ft) wide[23] with an area of 15.30 m2 (164.7 sq ft).[11]

Burial goods

KV36 was the first reasonably intact tomb discovered in the Valley of the Kings.[10] Despite robbery in antiquity, it still contained over 100 items.[24] Maiherpri was buried with archery equipment including two leather quivers with Near Eastern decoration, over 50 arrows, and two leather wrist guards; bows were absent, possibly looted by ancient robbers.[25] Orsenigo suggests that these were used for sport hunting rather than warfare based on Maiherpri's lack of military titles.[26]

Also included were two ornate leather dog collars. One has a design of horses separated by lotuses and has a scalloped green border.[27][28] The other has a design of gazelles being hunted by lions[27] or dogs[28] and was once gilded.[29] It bears a two line inscription identifying the dog it belonged to: "tesem of his house, She-of-Thebes" (ṯsm n pr=f tꜣ-n.t-niw.t).[28] The name is transcribed as Ta-ent-niuwt[29] or Tantanuit.[27] Based on these collars, Maiherpri may have been the caretaker of the king's hunting dogs.[30]

Burial

Maiherpri's body was interred in a set of three coffins. The outermost (CG 24001) is a 2.81 metres (9.2 ft) long rectangular sarcophagus made of black-painted wood with gilded inscriptions and decoration.[31][32] Inside were two nested human-shaped (anthropoid) coffins (CG 24002 and 24004). The outer was also black with gilded decoration, while the inner was entirely gilded; both have curled false beards.[33] There is a third anthropoid coffin (CG 24003) made of untreated wood with gilded inscriptions, which was found overturned next to the sarcophagus with its lid placed next to the box.[34] This caused some confusion and discussion in Egyptology. It seems that this 'extra' coffin was intended as the innermost one, but was actually too big to fit into the set and was therefore left unused next to it. Parallels have been drawn to the burial of Tutankhamun, where the foot of his outermost coffin was slightly too large for the sarcophagus. There the coffin was shortened directly in the tomb chamber, while in the burial of Maiherpri his mummy was placed into the second coffin of his set.[6][35]

The mummy of Maiherpri was adorned with a black and gold cartonnage mummy mask (Cairo GC 24097).[36] The mask completely covers his head and shoulders and is similar in style to that of Hatnofer, the mother of Senenmut, buried in the reign of Hatshepsut.[37] Maiherpri's mummy was disturbed by robbers in antiquity, who sliced through the bandages in search of valuables. The body was formally unwrapped by Georges Daressy on 22 March 1901. He noted that the method of bandaging was entirely horizontal strips with minimal padding; he estimated the body was wrapped in 60 layers of fabric. Pieces of jewellery missed by the robbers included bracelets, pieces of a beaded collar, a scarab, and isolated beads of carnelian and gold. Thieves also missed the gold plate covering the embalming incision.[38][39]

Maiherpri's mummy measures 1.64 m (5.4 ft) tall. He lies on his back with his legs extended. His hands are positioned over the front of his thighs; the right hand is flat while the left is clenched. His head was shaved and wore a tightly curled wig which was glued to his scalp. Daressy considered his dark skin tone to be unchanged by embalming, identifying him as Upper Egyptian or Nubian. He also noted a resemblance to Thutmose IV, as both have the "Thutmosid" overbite. Daressy estimated Maiherpri died in his 20s.[38][39]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Reeves & Wilkinson 1996, p. 179.
  2. ^ Schweinfurth 1900, pp. 103–107.
  3. ^ Orsenigo 2004, pp. 214–221, 271–281.
  4. ^ Orsenigo 2017, pp. 27, 35.
  5. ^ Orsenigo 2017, pp. 35–38.
  6. ^ a b Reeves & Wilkinson 1996, p. 181.
  7. ^ Forbes 1998, pp. 36–37.
  8. ^ Forbes 1998, p. 42.
  9. ^ Roehrig 2005, pp. 70, 74.
  10. ^ a b c d e Reeves & Wilkinson 1996, p. 180.
  11. ^ a b c d Orsenigo 2017, p. 24.
  12. ^ Reeves & Wilkinson 1996, p. 69.
  13. ^ a b c Forbes 1998, p. 9.
  14. ^ Forbes 1998, pp. 6, 35.
  15. ^ Orsenigo 2017, p. 36-37.
  16. ^ Forbes 1998, pp. 11–24.
  17. ^ Orsenigo 2017, p. 24-25.
  18. ^ Forbes 1998, pp. 25–27.
  19. ^ Forbes 1998, p. 6.
  20. ^ Schweinfurth 1900.
  21. ^ Daressy 1902.
  22. ^ Roehrig 2005, p. 71.
  23. ^ Orsenigo 2004, p. 220.
  24. ^ Orsenigo 2017, p. 25.
  25. ^ Forbes 1998, p. 24.
  26. ^ Orsenigo 2017, pp. 27–30.
  27. ^ a b c Forbes 1998, p. 27.
  28. ^ a b c Brixhe 2018, p. 72.
  29. ^ a b Reisner 1936, p. 99.
  30. ^ Orsenigo 2017, p. 30.
  31. ^ Forbes 1998, p. 11.
  32. ^ Daressy 1902, p. 1.
  33. ^ Forbes 1998, pp. 11–12.
  34. ^ Forbes 1998, pp. 16–17.
  35. ^ Reeves 1990, p. 106.
  36. ^ Forbes 1998, p. 17.
  37. ^ Roehrig 2005, p. 70.
  38. ^ a b Forbes 1998, pp. 38–41.
  39. ^ a b Daressy 1902, pp. 58–61.

Works cited

  • Brixhe, Jean (2018). "Deux Colliers de Chien dans la Tombe de Maiherpri". Pharaon: Le Magazine de l'Egypte Éternelle (in French). Vol. 32. pp. 70–73.
  • Daressy, Georges (1902). Catalogue Général des Antiquités Égyptiennes du Musée du Caire N° 24001-24990: Fouilles de la Vallée des Rois (1898-1899) (in French). Le Caire: Imprimerie de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  • Forbes, Dennis C. (1998). Tombs. Treasures. Mummies: Seven Great Discoveries of Egyptian Archaeology in Five Volumes. Book Two, The Tombs of Maiherpri (KV36) & Kha & Merit (TT8) (2015 Reprint ed.). Weaverville: Kmt Communications LLC. ISBN 978-1512371956.
  • Orsenigo, Christian (2004). "La Tomba di Maiherperi (KV 36)". In Piacentini, Patrizia; Orsenigo, Christian (eds.). La Valle dei Re Riscoperta: I Giornali di Scavo Victor Loret (1898–1899) e Altri Inediti. Translated by Qurike, Stephen. Mailand. pp. 214–221, 271–281.
  • Orsenigo, Christian (2017). "Revisiting KV36 the Tomb of Maiherpri". KMT: A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt. Vol. 28, no. 2. pp. 22–38. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  • Reeves, Nicholas (1990). The Complete Tutankhamun: The King, the Tomb, the Royal Treasure (2007 ed.). London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05146-7. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  • Reeves, Nicholas; Wilkinson, Richard H. (1996). The Complete Valley of the Kings: Tombs and Treasures of Egypt's Greatest Pharaohs (2000 ed.). London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05080-5. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  • Reisner, George A. (December 1936). "The Dog Which was Honored by the King of Upper and Lower Egypt". Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts. 34 (206): 96–99. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  • Rice, Michael (1999). Who's Who in Ancient Egypt (2004 ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-15448-0. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  • Roehrig, Catharine H. (2005). "The Tomb of Maiherpri in the Valley of the Kings". In Roehrig, Catharine H.; Dreyfus, Renee; Keller, Cathleen A. (eds.). Hatshepsut: From Queen to Pharaoh. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 70–74. ISBN 0-300-11139-8. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  • Schweinfurth, G. (1900). "Neue Thebanische Gräberfunde". Sphinx (in German). III: 103–107. Retrieved 6 October 2023.

Read other articles:

Kevin Tania

Topik artikel ini mungkin tidak memenuhi kriteria kelayakan umum. Harap penuhi kelayakan artikel dengan: menyertakan sumber-sumber tepercaya yang independen terhadap subjek dan sebaiknya hindari sumber-sumber trivial. Jika tidak dipenuhi, artikel ini harus digabungkan, dialihkan ke cakupan yang lebih luas, atau dihapus oleh Pengurus.Cari sumber: Kevin Tania – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk mengh...

 

 

Diva (lagu)

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Diva (disambiguasi). Diva Diva (Aksara Ibrani: דיווה) adalah lagu pemenang Kontes Lagu Eurovision 1998 yang dinyanyikan dengan bahasa Ibrani oleh Dana International yang mewakili Israel. Lagu ini diciptakan oleh Tzvika Pick, dan lirik diciptakan oleh Yoav Ginai. Lagu ini mendapat nilai 172 poin dalam pemilihan. Pranala luar Lyrics of Diva Artikel bertopik lagu, musik, atau alat musik ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkan...

 

 

Bazus-Aure

Bazus-Aure Lambang kebesaranBazus-Aure Lokasi di Region Occitanie Bazus-Aure Koordinat: 42°51′24″N 0°21′00″E / 42.8567°N 0.35°E / 42.8567; 0.35NegaraPrancisRegionOsitaniaDepartemenHautes-PyrénéesArondisemenBagnères-de-BigorreKantonArreauAntarkomuneVéziaux d'AurePemerintahan • Wali kota (2008–2014) Hélène MalèreLuas • Land11,95 km2 (75 sq mi) • Populasi2132 • Kepadatan Populasi20,68/km2 ...

Strada statale 181 di Maida e Squillace

Strada statale 181di Maida e SquillaceDenominazioni successiveStrada provinciale 162/1 ex SS 181 Bivio SS 19 dir (prog.va km 0+000)-Cortale (prog.va km 14+300) (tratto SS 19 dir-Cortale)Strada provinciale 162/2 ex SS 181 Cortale (prog.va km 14+300)-Girifalco-Squillace-SS 106 (prog.va km 44+400) (tratto Cortale-Squillace Lido) LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regioni Calabria DatiClassificazioneStrada statale Inizioex SS 19 dir presso Maida FineSquillace Lido Lunghezza44,400[1] km ...

 

 

قائمة الولايات والمناطق الأمريكية

خريطة توضح الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. في الصورة 48 ولاية في نطاق واحد متصل، بينما تقع ولاية ألاسكا في الشمال غربي كندا وتقع ولاية هاواي في المحيط الهادي. الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية هي جمهورية اتحادية تتكون من 50 ولاية بالإضافة إلى مقاطعة فيدرالية واحدة (واشنطن العاصمة).[1&...

 

 

Maud Coan Josaphare

Maud J. Coan Josaphare, from the cover of a 1912 publication. Maud Josephine Coan Josaphare (March 18, 1886 — June 1935), credited variously as Maud Coan Josaphare, Josephine Josaphare, and Coán Josaphare, was an American writer and arts educator. Early life Maud Josephine Coan was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Joseph M. Coan and Helen Christina Blair Coan. She trained as a teacher at the School of Industrial Art in Philadelphia,[1] with further studies at Unive...

Hubungan Indonesia dengan Israel

Hubungan Indonesia–Israel Indonesia Israel Hubungan Indonesia–Israel mengacu pada hubungan bilateral dulu dan kini antara Israel dan Indonesia. Kedua negara ini tidak punya hubungan diplomatik resmi,[1][2][3] tetapi memiliki hubungan tidak resmi yang meliputi hubungan dagang, pariwisata, dan keamanan. Pada tahun 2012, Indonesia sepakat menaikkan status hubungannya dengan Israel dan membuka konsulat kehormatan di Ramallah yang dipimpin seorang diplomat sederajat du...

 

 

Ziya Pasha

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Oktober 2016. Abdul Hamid ZiyaeddinFoto Ziya Pasha yang diambil Abdullah FrèresLahir1829[1]Istanbul, Kesultanan UtsmaniyahMeninggal17 Mei 1880Adana, Adana Vilayet, Kesultanan UtsmaniyahPekerjaanPenulisBahasaOttoman Turkish, TurkiKebangsaanUtsmaniyah Ziya Pa...

 

 

Shafaq Naaz

Shafaq NaazShafaq Naaz 2019Lahir7 Februari 1992 (umur 32)Tempat tinggalMumbai, Maharashtra, India Shafaq Naaz adalah aktris dan model berkebangsaan Iran. Televisi Tahun Serial Peran Saluran 2010 Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai Guni Star Plus 2011 Sanskaar Laxmi Randhal Zee TV 2012 Shubh Vivah Karuna Saxena SET India 2012 Fear Files Neha Paranjape Zee TV 2012 Teri Meri Love Stories Pari Star Plus 2012 Love Marriage Ya Arranged Marriage Pooja SET India 2013 Madventures Diri (Kontestan) ARY Digita...

Naropa

Indian Buddhist Mahasiddha For Naropa University in Boulder, Colorado, see Naropa University. Nāropā. Part of a series onTibetan Buddhism Schools Nyingma Kadam Sakya Bodong Kagyu Jonang Gelug Rimé Key personalities First dissemination Padmasambhāva Śāntarakṣita Kamalaśīla Songtsen Gampo Trisong Detsen Ralpacan Second dissemination Atiśa Talika Abhayakirti Niguma Sukhasiddhi Milarepa Nyingma Yeshe Tsogyal Longchenpa Jigme Lingpa Patrul Rinpoche Dudjom Lingpa Mipham Kagyu Marpa Rangj...

 

 

List of U.S. state tourism slogans

List of slogans used to encourage tourism to US states Not to be confused with List of U.S. state and territory mottos. A welcome sign into Pennsylvania, bearing the slogan Pursue Your Happiness This is a list of tourism slogans for each of the 50 states in the United States of America, as adopted by each state's departments for handling tourism. List This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliab...

 

 

Carnival

Christian festival before Lent This article is about the Christian festival before Lent. Not to be confused with Traveling carnival or Carnival Cruise Line. For other uses, see Carnival (disambiguation). Carnival in Rome, c. 1650 Rio's Carnival is the largest in the world according to Guinness World Records.[1] Carnival or Shrovetide is a festive season that occurs at the close of the Christian pre-Lenten period,[2] consisting of Quinquagesima or Shrove Sunday, Shrove Mo...

Union League

Pro-Union club during the American Civil War For the 1884 professional baseball league, see Union Association. Union League of Philadelphia building on Broad Street in Center City of Philadelphia is a Victorian style architecture mansion with a mansard roof, constructed in 1865. Union League Club of New York, established 1863. Historical plaque in Pekin, Illinois The Union Leagues were quasi-secretive men's clubs established separately, starting in 1862, and continuing throughout the Civil Wa...

 

 

Redoubt Four (West Point)

Redoubt FourPart of United States Military AcademyWest Point, New York View of the Hudson River and West Point from Redoubt FourCoordinates41°23′24.27″N 73°58′21.9″W / 41.3900750°N 73.972750°W / 41.3900750; -73.972750Site informationOwnerUnited States ArmyControlled byUS ArmyOpen tothe publicYear RoundConditionpartially restoredSite historyBuilt1778Built byTadeusz KosciuszkoBattles/warsRevolutionary WarGarrison informationGarrisonWest Po...

 

 

استوديوهات نكلوديون للرسوم المتحركة

استوديوهات نكلوديون للرسوم المتحركةالشعارمعلومات عامةالبلد  الولايات المتحدة التأسيس 1990 — 4 مارس 1998 النوع عمل تجاري المقر الرئيسي إستوديو سيتي — بربانك — نيويورك حلت محل Nickelodeon Studios (en) موقع الويب nickanimation.com المنظومة الاقتصاديةالشركة الأم شبكات باراماونت الإعلامية الف...

Ceramic knife

Knife with a blade made out of non-metallic materialThis article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ceramic knife – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) A ceramic knife. A ceramic knife is a knife with a ceramic blade typically made from zirco...

 

 

Hair dryer

Type of home appliance used to dry hair Blow dryer redirects here. Not to be confused with Dry blower, Dryer, or Blower. Modern hair dryer A hair dryer, hairdryer,[1] hairdrier,[2] or blow dryer is an electromechanical device that blows ambient or hot air over damp hair to speed the evaporation of water to dry the hair. Blow dryers enable better control over the shape and style of hair, by accelerating and controlling the formation of temporary hydrogen bonds within each stran...

 

 

ايسترا پيتر

ايسترا پيتر   معلومات شخصيه الميلاد 13 مايو 1990 (34 سنة)[1]  بوخارست   الطول المشاركات اوليمبياد صيف 2012   الجنسيه رومانيا   الوزن الحياة العمليه المهنه لاعبة العاب قوى   الرياضه العاب القوى   تعديل  ايسترا پيتر منافسه العاب قوى من رومانيا. حياتها ايسترا پي...

Australien i olympiska vinterspelen 1980

Australien i olympiska spelen IOK-landskodAUS KommittéAustraliens Olympiska KommittéOlympiska vinterspelen 1980 i Lake PlacidDeltagare9 deltagare i 4 grenar Medaljsummering Guld0 Silver0 Brons0 Totalt0 Australien i olympiska sommarspelen1896 • 1900 • 1904 • 1908 • 1912 • 1920 • 1924 • 1928 • 1932 • 1936 • 1948 • 1952 • 1956 • 1960 • 1964 • 1968 • 1972 • ...

 

 

Henry Williams-Wynn

British politician and diplomat (1783–1856) The Right HonourableSir Henry Williams-WynnKCB GCHBritish Envoy to DenmarkIn office1824–1853Preceded byAugustus John FosterSucceeded byThe Earl of SheffieldMember of Parliament for MidhurstIn officeJanuary 1807 – May 1807Serving with William Conyngham PlunketPreceded byJohn SmithWilliam WickhamSucceeded bySamuel SmithJames Abercromby Personal detailsBornHenry Watkin Williams-Wynn(1783-03-16)16 March 1783Died28 March 1859(1859-...