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Julie-Victoire Daubié
Julie-Victoire Daubié
Born	26 March 1824; Bains-les-Bains, France
Died	26 August 1874 (aged 50); Fontenoy-le-Château, France
Nationality	French
Occupation	Journalist
Known for	First woman to graduate obtain a baccalaureate in France (1861)

Julie-Victoire Daubié (26 March 1824 – 26 August 1874) was a French journalist. She was the first woman to have graduated from a French university when she obtained a licentiate degree in Lyon in 1871.

Josephine Butler translated a part of Julie-Victoire Daubié's books into English.^[1]

Early life

Daubié was born on 26 March 1824^[2] in Bains-les-Bains in the Vosges. Her father died when she was less than two years old, and she and her seven siblings moved with their mother to Fontenoy, staying with the family of their father.^[3] She studied Latin, Greek, German, history, and geography with help from her brother.^[2] In 1844, she received a teacher's certificate of ability and studied zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris. At the museum, she was taught by renowned specialist Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire.^[3] Despite her education and lack of laws explicitly barring women from entering academia, Daubié was rejected from numerous French universities. Despite the rejections, she continued taking classes while working as a governess.^[2]

Education and career

Daubié entered an essay competition in 1859 held by the Imperial Academy of Science and Fine Letters of Lyon. She wrote a nearly-300-page work titled "The Poor Woman in the 19th Century. Female Conditions and Resources," which detailed professional and academic exclusion for women, wage inequality, and other travails. The essay took first prize, and Daubié was given admittance.^[2]

In 1861, she became the first woman to present herself at the baccalaureate exams.^[3] She was 37-years-old when she became the first female baccalaureate in France, in August 1861.^[2]^[4]

After her graduation, Daubié continued to write about the conditions faced by women as an activist and a scholar.^[2] She moved to a large house she purchased in Fontenoy and set up an embroidery shop, which she entrusted to her niece.^[3] She also settled on the Champs-Élysées in Paris and became a recognized economic journalist.^[3] In 1871, she became an arts graduate in Lyon, becoming the first female licenciate in letters. She remained an activist for women's rights and, later, a journalist.^[4]

Death

Daubié died on 25 August 1874, age 50, in Lorraine at the Fontenoy-le-Château, due to tuberculosis.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Legacy

In March 2018, Google featured her in their "Google Doodles".^[4]

References

^ French morality, under the regulation system, ed. Trübner, London, 1870.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "What to Know About Julie-Victoire Daubié, the French Feminist Born 194 Years Ago Today", TIME, Laignee Barron, 26 March 2018
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "194 years ago was born Julie-Victoire Daubié, the first woman to obtain the baccalaureate", RTL Girls, 26 March 2018
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "194 years ago was born Julie-Victoire Daubié, the first woman to win the baccalaureate", 26 March 2018, Le Point

Sources

Library resources about
Julie-Victoire Daubié

By Julie-Victoire Daubié

Véronique André-Durupt, Julie-Victoire Daubié la première bachelier, Amis du Vieux Fontenoy, Epinal, 2011.
Raymonde Albertine Bulger Lettres à Julie-Victoire Daubié, New York, Peter Lang, ed. 1992
Raymonde Albertine Bulger " Les démarches et l'exploit de Julie-Victoire Daubié première bachelière de France ", The French Review (États-Unis), décembre 1997
James F. Mcmillan, France and Women 1789–1914: Gender, Society and Politics, ed. Routledge, London, New York,2000.
The Riverside Dictionary of Biography: A Comprehensive Reference Covering 10,000 of the World's Most Important People, From Ancient Times To The Present Day, ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston New York, 2005.
Rebecca Rogers, From the Salon to the Schoolroom: Educating Bourgeois Girls in Nineteenth-Century France, ed. Penn State Press, 2005
Théodore Stanton The Woman Question in Europe, New York, 1884