Josip Reihl-Kir

Josip Reihl-Kir
Born
Josip Tvrtko Reihl-Kir

(1955-07-25)25 July 1955
Died1 July 1991(1991-07-01) (aged 35)
OccupationOsijek Police chief
SpouseJadranka Reihl-Kir

Josip Tvrtko Reihl-Kir (25 July 1955 – 1 July 1991) was a Croatian police chief from Osijek known for his peacemaking initiatives in the opening stages of the Croatian War of Independence. He was assassinated in 1991; the man convicted of his murder, and the murder of two assembly members, was sentenced to a total of 70 years in prison in 2008, after being extradited to Croatia from Australia.

Early life

Josip Tvrtko Reihl-Kir was born in Sirač, PR Croatia, FPR Yugoslavia, the son of a Slavonian German (Danube Swabian) father and a Croatian mother, both Yugoslav Partisans during the World War II in Yugoslavia.[1] He worked as a teacher at the gymnasium in Osijek, and in 1981 became a police officer.[1] From 31 July 1990 until his death, he was chief of the Osijek police station.[2] He married Jadranka Reihl-Kir, who between 2000 and 2003, whilst she was a Croatian MP, campaigned for his death to be re-investigated.[3]

Role in the Croatian War of Independence

The border between Croatia and Serbia was the site of significant ethnic tension after war broke out in 1991. As the police chief in Osijek, Reihl-Kir managed to keep the peace in that area. When Serbian nationalists erected barricades, Reihl-Kir usually went unarmed to negotiate with them.[4] He would approach barricades with his shirt pulled up above his waist to show that he had no weapons on him. Reihl-Kir offered to keep Croatian paramilitary forces outside of areas inhabited by ethnic Serbs, and in return, he asked Serb leaders to remove the barricades surrounding those locations. The Serbs always agreed as they trusted Reihl-Kir.[5][6] To ensure that the agreement was kept, Croatian paramilitary forces were infiltrated by Reihl-Kir's agents.[4] This brought Reihl-Kir in conflict with Branimir Glavaš who had organized Croatian nationalists in the region.[5]

In April 1991, a group of three senior members of the ruling Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), including Gojko Šušak, told Reihl-Kir to guide them to the outskirts of the Croatian Serb village of Borovo Selo. Although Reihl-Kir initially objected, he finally agreed to do so. To Reihl-Kir's shock, once at the village, the three men proceeded to fire three Armbrust rockets at the village. Although there were no injuries or deaths, the incident was shown on Serbian television as evidence of "unprovoked Croatian aggression against Serbs". After the incident, Reihl-Kir continued negotiations with Serb separatists to the annoyance of the ruling HDZ.[7]

On 1 May 1991, following an incident where Croatian policemen entered Borovo Selo,[7] Reihl-Kir became involved when he contacted Vukašin Šoškoćanin, the commander of the Serb forces in the village, who confirmed the incident and said the police had shot at members of the local population, wounding one. Reihl-Kir failed to secure the release of two officers who were captured following the incident.[8] Reihl-Kir and Vinkovci police chief Josip Džaja concluded that a rescue party should be sent to Borovo Selo.[8] Following this, the Battle of Borovo Selo took place, Reihl-Kir openly protested HDZ politicians' obstruction of his efforts to broker peace between the two sides.[9] SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia was proclaimed on 25 June 1991.

Assassination

After threats had been made to his life, Reihl-Kir asked the Minister of Internal Affairs Josip Boljkovac to transfer him "anywhere else". Boljkovac agreed to move Reihl-Kir to the capital, Zagreb. On 1 July 1991, Reihl-Kir was assassinated the day before he was due to be transferred. In Tenja, as he was heading to 'one last' negotiation, his car was fired on by an AK-47, 16 bullets hit Reihl-Kir, killing him instantly.[4] Following the assassination, the suspected killer Antun Gudelj, a former policeman with dual Australian–Croatian nationality, fled to Australia.[9] Gudelj was a Croatian extremist who had been disarmed by Reihl-Kir shortly before.[10]

Reihl-Kir's widow, Jadranka, lobbied vigorously for justice for her husband. In 2007, Australia extradited Gudelj to Croatia for the murders of Reihl-Kir and two associates, Milan Knežević and Goran Zobundžija, in Tenja in 1991. The first trial resulted in an acquittal, and a second trial verdict was overturned by the country's Supreme Court. At a third trial in 2008, Gudelj was sentenced to 20 years in prison for the murder of Reihl-Kir, and a further 50 years in prison for the murders of Reihl-Kir, Knežević, Zobundžija and another charge.[3][11][12]

Legacy

Reihl-Kir's actions and murder are described in the BBC book The Death of Yugoslavia[13] and covered in programme 3 of BBC's TV series of the same name. The street in Osijek, where he was killed, bears his name.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ a b Berclaz 2010.
  2. ^ "Josip Reihl Kir, Djakovo, Hrvatska". The Duško Kondor Award for Civil Courage. Sarajevo: Gariwo - Gardens of the Righteous Worldwide. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  3. ^ a b Vladisavljevic, Anja (1 July 2021). "Murdered Croatian Policeman Remembered as Champion of Peace". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  4. ^ a b c "Dark Scandals: The Unpleasant Arrest". Transitions Online. Prague: Transitions o.s. 3 December 1995. ISSN 1214-1615. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  5. ^ a b Ejub Štitkovac, "Croatia: The First War", pp. 157-59, Burn This House: The Making and Unmaking of Yugoslavia (eds. Jasminka Udovicki, James Ridgeway; Duke University Press, 2000, ISBN 9780822325901)
  6. ^ Conflict in the Former Yugoslavia, ed. John B. Allcock, p. 20 (ABC-Clio Inc, 1998)[ISBN missing]
  7. ^ a b Hockenos 2003, p. 58.
  8. ^ a b MUP 2008.
  9. ^ a b Hockenos 2003, p. 59.
  10. ^ Josip Ivanović (1 July 2014). "Croatian Activists Commemorate Peace-Seeking Police Chief". Zagreb: Balkan Investigative Reporting Network, BIRN. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  11. ^ [1], 24sata.hr; accessed 21 January 2016.
  12. ^ "Croat jailed for wartime murder of policeman". reuters.com.
  13. ^ The Death of Yugoslavia, Laura Silber and Allan Little, pp. 140-144 (BBC Books, Penguin Books, 1996 revision)[ISBN missing]

Sources

Read other articles:

Attilio NicoraPresiden Emeritus Badan Eksekutif Otoritas Informasi Keuangan Vatikan dan Presiden Emeritus Administrasi Patrimoni Tahta SuciPenunjukan1 Oktober 2002Masa jabatan berakhir7 Juli 2011PendahuluAgostino CacciavillanPenerusDomenico CalcagnoJabatan lainKardinal-Imam San Filippo Neri in Eurosia pro hac viceImamatTahbisan imam27 Juni 1964oleh Giovanni Umberto ColomboTahbisan uskup28 Mei 1977oleh Giovanni Umberto ColomboPelantikan kardinal21 Oktober 2003PeringkatKardinal-ImamIn...

 

 

Pataudi पटौदीcityKoordinat: 28°19′N 76°47′E / 28.32°N 76.78°E / 28.32; 76.78Koordinat: 28°19′N 76°47′E / 28.32°N 76.78°E / 28.32; 76.78Populasi (2001) • Total16.064 Pataudi adalah kota yang terletak di distrik Gurgaon, Haryana, India. Kota ini terletak 26 kilometer dari Gurgaon, di kaki bukit Aravali.[1] Pataudi terletak di 28°19′N 76°47′E / 28.32°N 76.78°E / 28.3...

 

 

Untuk dewi cinta dan kecantikan romawi, lihat Venus (mitologi). Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Venus (disambiguasi). Venus Citra Venus yang diproses melalui dua penyaring. Permukaan Venus tertutup oleh lapisan awan yang tebal.PenamaanPelafalan/ˈviːnəs/ simakⓘNama alternatifZohrah (الزهرة ), bintang kejoraKata sifat bahasa InggrisVenusian atau (jarang) Cytherean, VenereanCiri-ciri orbit[2][4]Epos J2000Aphelion 108.939.000 km 0,728 213 sa Perihelion 10...

العلاقات الكورية الشمالية النيجيرية كوريا الشمالية نيجيريا   كوريا الشمالية   نيجيريا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الكورية الشمالية النيجيرية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين كوريا الشمالية ونيجيريا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه �...

 

 

العلاقات الأسترالية اللوكسمبورغية أستراليا لوكسمبورغ   أستراليا   لوكسمبورغ تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الأسترالية اللوكسمبورغية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين أستراليا ولوكسمبورغ.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومر...

 

 

Bagian dari seriAgama Hindu Umat Sejarah Topik Sejarah Mitologi Kosmologi Dewa-Dewi Keyakinan Brahman Atman Karmaphala Samsara Moksa Ahimsa Purushartha Maya Filsafat Samkhya Yoga Mimamsa Nyaya Waisesika Wedanta Dwaita Adwaita Wisistadwaita Pustaka Weda Samhita Brāhmana Aranyaka Upanishad Wedangga Purana Itihasa Bhagawadgita Manusmerti Arthasastra Yogasutra Tantra Ritual Puja Meditasi Yoga Bhajan Upacara Mantra Murti Homa Perayaan Dipawali Nawaratri Siwaratri Holi Janmashtami Durgapuja Nyepi ...

JabaliTrinity – Brahma, Vishnu, Maheshwara or ShivaDevanagariजबालिIASTjābāliTitle meansA Vedic sageTypeShaivaLinked VedaSamavedaChapters1PhilosophyShaivism Part of a series onShaivism DeitiesParamashiva(Supreme being) Shiva Sadasiva Bhairava Rudra Virabhadra Shakti Parvati Sati Durga Kali Ganesha Kartikeya Forms of Shiva Others Scriptures and texts Vedas Agama-Tantras Shivasutras Tirumurai Vachanas Svetasvatara Philosophy Three Components Pati Pashu Pasam Three bondages Anava Ka...

 

 

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Oktober 2022. Wool Felt Sheets Felt adalah jenis kain yang dibuat dari serat wol tanpa ditenun, dibuat dengan proses pemanasan dan penguapan sehingga menghasilkan kain dengan beragam tekstur dan jenis.[1] Kain felt mudah dijumpai di pasaran, dengan harga yan...

 

 

Earth observation satellite Greenhouse Gases Observing SatelliteModel of GOSAT at Tsukuba Space Center Space DomeNamesIbukiMission typeEnvironmentalOperatorJAXACOSPAR ID2009-002A SATCAT no.33492Websiteglobal.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/gosat/index.htmlMission duration5 years (planned)Elapsed: 15 years, 3 months, 8 days Spacecraft propertiesManufacturerMitsubishi ElectricLaunch mass1,750 kilograms (3,860 lb)[1]Power3.8 kilowatts[1] Start of missionLaunch date2...

Débarquement de la baie des Cochons Contre-attaque de forces armées cubaines le 19 avril. Informations générales Date 17–19 avril 1961(2 jours) Lieu Baie des Cochons, Cuba Casus belli Révolution cubaine Issue Victoire du gouvernement cubain ; Fidel Castro se déclara ouvertement communiste et renforça son alliance avec l'URSS Belligérants Cuba Brigade 2506 États-Unis Commandants Fidel Castro José Ramón Fernández Juan Almeida Bosque Raúl Castro Che Guevara Pepe San Rom...

 

 

هذه المقالة عن المجموعة العرقية الأتراك وليس عن من يحملون جنسية الجمهورية التركية أتراكTürkler (بالتركية) التعداد الكليالتعداد 70~83 مليون نسمةمناطق الوجود المميزةالبلد  القائمة ... تركياألمانياسورياالعراقبلغارياالولايات المتحدةفرنساالمملكة المتحدةهولنداالنمساأسترالي�...

 

 

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府(Oguzkhan Presidential Palace)機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年,可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日 土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治 国家政府 土库曼斯坦宪法 国旗 国徽 国歌 立法機關(英语:National Council of Turkmenistan) ...

Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1868–1950 London UniversityFormer University constituencyfor the House of Commons1868–1950Seats1 London University was a university constituency electing one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, from 1868 to 1950. Boundaries, electorate and history This university constituency was created by the Reform Act 1867. The first election took place during the 1868 United Kingdom general electi...

 

 

本條目存在以下問題,請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要編修,以確保文法、用詞、语气、格式、標點等使用恰当。 (2013年8月6日)請按照校對指引,幫助编辑這個條目。(幫助、討論) 此條目剧情、虛構用語或人物介紹过长过细,需清理无关故事主轴的细节、用語和角色介紹。 (2020年10月6日)劇情、用語和人物介紹都只是用於了解故事主軸,輔助�...

 

 

Radio stationThe Breeze (Bath)Broadcast areaBathNorth East SomersetWest WiltshireFrequencyFM: 107.5 MHz (Warminster)107.9 MHz (Bath)ProgrammingFormatEasy listeningNetworkThe BreezeOwnershipOwnerBauerHistoryFirst air date15 November 1999Last air date31 August 2020Former namesBath FMTotal StarMore RadioThe Breeze The Breeze (Bath) was an Independent Local Radio station serving Bath, Somerset. The station was folded into Greatest Hits Radio South West, as part of a rebrand, on 1 September 2020....

Illustration d'une addition matricielle L'addition matricielle est une opération mathématique qui consiste à produire une matrice qui est le résultat de l'addition de deux matrices de même type. Processus d'addition L'addition des matrices est définie pour deux matrices de même type. La somme de deux matrices de type (m, n), A = ( a i j ) {\displaystyle A=(a_{ij})} et B = ( b i j ) {\displaystyle B=(b_{ij})} , notée A + B, est à nouveau une matrice ( c i j ) {\displaystyle (c_{ij})} ...

 

 

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang klub yang didirikan dengan nama PS TNI pada tahun 2015. Untuk klub yang dibubarkan, lihat Persikabo Bogor. Persikabo 1973Nama lengkapPersatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Kabupaten Bogor 1973JulukanLaskar PadjajaranMaung KumbangNama singkatPBOBerdiri 2004 sebagai Persiram Raja Ampat 2016 sebagai PS TNI (diakusisi oleh PS TNI) 2018 sebagai PS TIRA 2019 sebagai PS TIRA Persikabo (merger dengan Persikabo Bogor) 2020 sebagai Persikabo 1973 StadionStadion Pakansari[1...

 

 

  关于生物學家,请见「黃文山 (爬蟲學家)」。 黃文山(1898年—1988年)[1]号凌霜,广东省台山县水步镇下洞村长兴里人,中华民国文化学、社会学、人类学、民族学、中国文化史学家,五四运动时期知名的自由社会主义(无政府主义)者。[2][3] 生平 黃文山早年皇仁书院毕业后入北京大学哲学系,与朱谦之是哲学系同学。五四运动时期,1919年,黃�...

Questa voce sull'argomento doppiatori italiani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Alessio Puccio al Lucca Comics & Games 2015 Alessio Puccio (Roma, 1º giugno 1986) è un doppiatore e direttore del doppiaggio italiano. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Doppiaggio 2.1 Cinema 2.2 Film d'animazione 2.3 Film TV e miniserie televisive 2.4 Soap opera e telenovelas 2.5 Serie televisive 2.6 Serie animate 2.7 Videogiochi 3 Filmografia 3.1 Cinema 3.2 Televi...

 

 

Juan Ponce de León II, gubernur Puerto Riko ke-26, cucu gubernur pertama, dan orang asli Puerto Riko pertama yang menjadi gubernur. Daftar Gubernur Puerto Riko (bahasa Spanyol: Gobernador de Puerto Rico) mencakup semua orang yang pernah memegang jabatan tersebut, baik di bawah kekuasaan Spanyol ataupun Amerika Serikat. Jabatan ini pertama kali dibuat oleh bangsa Spanyol pada abad ke-16 setelah pulau ini dijajah oleh Spanyol. Orang pertama yang menduduki jabatan ini adalah conquistador Sp...