Josh Little

Joshua Little
Personal information
Full name
Joshua Brian Little
Born (1999-11-01) 1 November 1999 (age 25)
Dublin, Ireland
BattingRight-handed
BowlingLeft-arm fast
RoleBowler
RelationsHannah Little (sister)[1]
Louise Little (sister)[1]
International information
National side
ODI debut (cap 56)3 May 2019 v England
Last ODI15 December 2023 v Zimbabwe
ODI shirt no.82
T20I debut (cap 36)5 September 2016 v Hong Kong
Last T20I16 June 2024 v Pakistan
T20I shirt no.82
Domestic team information
YearsTeam
2017–presentLeinster Lightning
2021Dambulla Giants
2022–2023Manchester Originals
2023Pretoria Capitals
2023–2024Gujarat Titans
2024Welsh Fire
Career statistics
Competition ODI T20I FC LA
Matches 36 69 6 58
Runs scored 80 131 68 136
Batting average 8.88 10.91 17.00 9.71
100s/50s 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0
Top score 29 22* 27 29
Balls bowled 1,733 1,526 441 2,586
Wickets 56 78 6 79
Bowling average 31.37 24.48 53.33 30.92
5 wickets in innings 1 0 0 0
10 wickets in match 0 0 0 0
Best bowling 6/36 4/23 3/95 6/36
Catches/stumpings 5/– 17/– 1/– 10/–
Source: ESPNcricinfo, 12 July 2024

Joshua Brian Little (born 1 November 1999) is an Irish cricketer. He made his international debut for the Ireland cricket team in September 2016.[1][2] He has also played in T20 franchise leagues, most notably for Gujarat Titans in the Indian Premier League.

Early career

Josh Little emerged through Cricket Ireland's development programme, picking up softball cricket for the first time as a ten-year-old at the St Andrews Primary School and being guided by his development cricket coach in Dublin Andrew Leonard who is now a renowned broadcaster.[3] He soon rose through the ranks during his stint at Pembroke Cricket Club through the Under-11 programme and also played alongside the likes of future Irish captain Andy Balbirnie for Pembroke Cricket Club in Under-15 age category level matches. Little also plied his trade in the sport of field hockey at Monkstown Hockey Club and even represented Ireland's national field hockey team at age-group level especially for the Irish Under-16 side.[3] At the age of 16, he was used as a net bowler for Ireland's bilateral home series against Sri Lanka in 2016.[3]

International career

Little made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut against Hong Kong on 5 September 2016.[4] Little was 16 years old at the time of his debut, making him the second-youngest to have played at that level,[5] after Hong Kong's Waqas Khan.[6] Prior to his T20I debut, Little was named in Ireland's squad for the 2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.[7]

Little was originally named in Ireland's T20I squad for their series against Afghanistan in India in March 2017.[8] However, he had to withdraw because of education commitments.[9] In December 2017, he was named in Ireland's squad for the 2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.[10]

In January 2019, Little was named in Ireland's T20I squads for the Oman Quadrangular Series and the series against Afghanistan in India.[11][12] In April 2019, he was named in Ireland's One Day International (ODI) squads for the one-off match against England and the 2019 Ireland Tri-Nation Series.[13] He made his ODI debut for Ireland against England on 3 May 2019.[14]

On 10 July 2020, Little was named in Ireland's 21-man squad that travelled to England to start training behind closed doors for the ODI series against the England cricket team.[15][16]

In February 2021, Little was named in the Ireland Wolves' squad for their tour to Bangladesh.[17][18] In September 2021, Little was named in Ireland's provisional squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.[19]

On 4 November 2022, in a match against New Zealand in the 2022 T20 Cricket World Cup, Little took a hat-trick by dismissing Kane Williamson, James Neesham and Mitchell Santner.[20] Little became the sixth player to claim a hat-trick in the history of ICC Men's T20 World Cup history and became the second bowler to do so during the 2022 edition of the ICC Men's T20 World Cup after Karthik Meiyappan of the United Arab Emirates.[21][22][23] He also became the second Irish bowler to take a hat-trick in a T20I match after Curtis Campher and both in fact achieved the milestones in T20 World Cup tournaments. He ended up the 2022 T20 World Cup with seven scalps in four matches during the Super 12 phase of the tournament.[24]

He set an Irish record for having picked up the most wickets in T20Is in a single calendar year when he picked up a tally of 39 scalps in 26 T20I matches in 2022. He was also the second highest wicket-taker in all T20Is in 2022 with only behind Tanzania's Yalinde Nkanya who had picked up 45 wickets in 28 matches. He also holds the record for having grabbed most number of wickets in T20Is by a bowler from a full member nation in a single calendar year and is also second behind for having captured the most number of wickets in T20Is in a single calendar year.[25]

In May 2024, he was named in Ireland's squad for the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup tournament.[26]

Domestic and T20 career

He excelled at the 2016 U-19 World Cup having picked up a haul of 11 wickets which also helped him to be fast-tracked into the senior Irish side within a year. It was Graham Ford who shaped the mentality of Little to make him seriously consider about making cricket as a professional career and in an exclusive interview with Sunday Times Ireland, Little described that "five-minute chat with Ford changed his entire perception of things and since then he has been head down, just gym and cricket".[27] Ford acknowledged that Little at the age of 18 was keen more on his social life than having second thoughts about professional career and Little also missed training sessions and including an occasion he missed out to play in an interprovincial game in order to attend the music festival Electric Picnic.

Little made his List A debut for Leinster Lightning in the 2018 Inter-Provincial Cup on 19 June 2018.[28] He made his first-class debut for Leinster Lightning in the 2018 Inter-Provincial Championship on 20 June 2018.[29] In April 2019, he was one of five cricketers to be awarded with an Emerging Player Contract by Cricket Ireland, ahead of the 2019 domestic season.[30]

In July 2019, Little was selected to play for the Dublin Chiefs in the inaugural edition of the Euro T20 Slam cricket tournament.[31][32] However, the following month the tournament was cancelled.[33] In November 2021, he was selected to play for the Dambulla Giants following the players' draft for the 2021 Lanka Premier League.[34]

He was roped in by the Chennai Super Kings franchise as its net bowler ahead of the 2022 Indian Premier League.[35]

He received his maiden call-up to join the Manchester Originals during the 2022 season of The Hundred in an Instagram direct message from England's Phil Salt and was subsequently a mid-tournament replacement for Sean Abbott during the context of 2022 Hundred season.[36] He was eventually Manchester Original's second highest-wicket taker during the course of the 2022 Hundred season with a wicket tally of 13 in just five innings and was only behind Paul Walter's 14 scalps.[37] On 31 August 2022, Little achieved the best bowling figures in the history of The Hundred of 5/13. He is the fourth person to obtain a 5 wicket haul in the history of the competition sending Manchester Originals into the top three on the final day and into the playoffs.[38]

In December 2022, Gujarat Titans bought Little in the Indian Premier League auction ahead of 2023 season. This made him the first ever Irish player to get an IPL contract.[39][40] He made his IPL debut for Gujarat Titans against Chennai Super Kings on 31 March 2023, taking the figures of 1-41 from 4 overs and in the process, becoming the first Irish cricketer to play in the IPL and take a wicket.[41]

He was picked by Multan Sultans in the PSL auction ahead of the Pakistan Super League.[42] However, he was ruled out of the tournament due to injury, which he had picked up playing for the Pretoria Capitals in the SA20.[43] He is to play for Abu Dhabi Knight Riders in 2024 in International League T20.

Awards

He was named in the ICC Men's T20I Team of the Year for the Year 2022 during the 2022 ICC Awards for his splendid performances with the ball in T20I cricket in 2022 and became the first Irish player to be inducted into ICC Men's T20I Team of the Year.[44][45] In March 2023, he was awarded the Men's International Player of the Year for 2022 during the 11th Clear Treasury Irish Cricket Awards.[46]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Hockey player, business student, death bowler - meet teenage Ireland prospect Josh Little". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  2. ^ "Joshua Little". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  3. ^ a b c "The Josh Little journey, from Pembroke's Under-11s to the IPL's bright lights". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  4. ^ "1st T20I: Ireland v Hong Kong at Bready, Sep 5, 2016". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  5. ^ "A big future in store for Josh Little". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
  6. ^ Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Individual records (captains, players, umpires) / Youngest players, ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  7. ^ "Ireland at full strength despite late call". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  8. ^ "Mulder named in squad to play Afghanistan". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  9. ^ "Chase replaces Little in Ireland squad for T20 series". Cricket Ireland. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
  10. ^ "Ireland U19 World Cup Squad Announced". Cricket Ireland. Archived from the original on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  11. ^ "Ireland announce squads for Afghanistan series". International Cricket Council. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  12. ^ "Stirling to captain Ireland T20 squad, new faces named for upcoming Oman and Afghanistan series". Cricket Ireland. Archived from the original on 29 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  13. ^ "Strong squads named for one-day internationals and Wolves clash". Cricket Ireland. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  14. ^ "Only ODI, England tour of Ireland at Dublin, May 3 2019". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  15. ^ "Curtis Campher, Jonathan Garth the new faces as Ireland name 21-man squad for England ODIs". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  16. ^ "Ireland names expanded training squad ahead of ODI series against England". Cricket Ireland. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  17. ^ "Ireland Wolves tour of Bangladesh to start with four-day game in Chattogram". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  18. ^ "Ireland Wolves squad announced for Bangladesh tour". Cricket Ireland. Archived from the original on 5 August 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  19. ^ "Ireland names 18-player provisional squad for T20 World Cup". Cricket Ireland. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  20. ^ "Ireland Pacer Joshua Little Takes Hat-trick vs New Zealand In T20 World Cup. Watch. Cricket News". NDTVSports.com. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  21. ^ Savage, Nic (4 November 2022). "Unknown cricketer's rare World Cup feat". news. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  22. ^ "Luck of the Irish: Little goes big in Adelaide with a T20 World Cup hat-trick". www.t20worldcup.com. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  23. ^ "Ireland's in-form bowler Josh Little stays tight-lipped on potential T20 league destination". BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  24. ^ "T20 World Cup: Ireland bowler Josh Little takes hat-trick against New Zealand with wickets including Kane Williamson". Sky Sports. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  25. ^ "Records. Twenty20 Internationals. Bowling records. Most wickets in a calendar year". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  26. ^ "Ireland's 15-Player Squad for ICC Men's T20I World Cup". ScoreWaves. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  27. ^ O’Reilly, Peter. "Josh Little's big deal can take career to next level". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  28. ^ "3rd Match, Cricket Ireland Inter-Provincial Limited Over Cup at Eglinton, Jun 19 2018". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  29. ^ "3rd Match, Cricket Ireland Inter-Provincial Championship at Bready, Jun 20-22 2018". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  30. ^ "Five Emerging Player contracts awarded ahead of big year for Irish cricket". Cricket Ireland. Archived from the original on 5 August 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  31. ^ "Eoin Morgan to represent Dublin franchise in inaugural Euro T20 Slam". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 19 July 2019.
  32. ^ "Euro T20 Slam Player Draft completed". Cricket Europe. Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 19 July 2019.
  33. ^ "Inaugural Euro T20 Slam cancelled at two weeks' notice". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  34. ^ "Kusal Perera, Angelo Mathews miss out on LPL drafts". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  35. ^ Vishwanathan, Aayushman (22 December 2022). ""I'm an international cricketer; it didn't seem right" - Josh Little on his experience as Chennai Super Kings net bowler". www.sportskeeda.com. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  36. ^ "Ish Sodhi, Josh Little among latest Hundred replacement signings". ESPN. 18 August 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  37. ^ "Ireland's Little in top form for T20 World Cup". BBC Sport. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  38. ^ "Full Scorecard of Invincibles vs Originals 32nd Match 2022 - Score Report". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  39. ^ "Josh Little becomes first Irish international to earn Indian Premier League deal. Cricket Ireland". www.cricketireland.ie. Archived from the original on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  40. ^ ""Look Forward To Playing Under Hardik Pandya": Ireland's Josh Little On Joining Gujarat Titans. Cricket News". NDTVSports.com. Retrieved 25 December 2022.
  41. ^ "Full Scorecard of Super Kings vs Titans 1st Match 2023 - Score Report". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
  42. ^ "Multan Sultans make Josh Little Ireland's sole attraction in Pakistan Super League auction". BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  43. ^ "Injury rules Little out of Pakistan Super League". BBC Sport. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  44. ^ "World Cup stars form ICC Men's T20I Team of the Year 2022". www.icc-cricket.com. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  45. ^ "Ireland's Josh Little named on T20 team of the year". 23 January 2023. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  46. ^ Irel, Cricket; March 2023, Friday 3. "Josh Little and Arlene Kelly take Player of the Year accolades at 11th Clear Treasury Irish Cricket Awards". Cricket World. Retrieved 9 April 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Read other articles:

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Mahatma Gandhi as photographed in London in 1931 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was a key Indian independence movement leader known for employing nonviolent resistance against British Rule to successfully lead the campaign. He was the pioneer of Satyagraha — the resistance of alleged tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded up...

 

Writer Panait Istrati (second from the right) with the coal miners of Lupeni, while investigating the effects of the government clampdown The Lupeni strike of 1929 took place on 5 and 6 August 1929 in the mining town of Lupeni, in the Jiu Valley of Transylvania, Romania. Chronology Near the end of 1928, miners' leaders in the Jiu Valley had begun agitating for an extension of their collective work contract. Their demands included (in conformity with new legislation adopted under international...

 

Private university in Malaysia This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Sultan Azlan Shah University (USAS)Universiti Sultan Azlan Shah MalaysiaFormer namesKolej I...

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Lakitan Timur, Lengayang, Pesisir Selatan – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTORLakitan Timur adalah sebuah nagari yang terletak di Kecamatan Lengayang, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, Provinsi S...

 

Philippine noodle dish KinalasKinalas dish from Bicol RegionAlternative namesPancit kinalasCourseMain dishPlace of originPhilippinesRegion or stateBicol RegionServing temperatureHotMain ingredientsNoodles, pork or beef head meat, pork or beef brains, spicesSimilar dishesBatchoy  Media: Kinalas Kinalas is a Bicol dish consisting of noodles (pancit) garnished by scraped meat from pork or beef's head and other parts, enhanced with a thick deep-brown sauce coming from the brains of a cow...

 

Rusalkas, a type of minor goddesses, represented by Franciszek Siedlecki. In Slavic paganism there are a variety of female tutelary spirits associated with water. They have been compared to the Greek Nymphs,[1] and they may be either white (beneficent) or black (maleficent).[2] They may be called Boginki, Navki, Rusalki, and Vily. The Proto-Slavic root *navь-, which forms one of the names for these beings, means dead,[3] as these minor goddesses are conceived as the s...

Commune in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, FranceBucey-lès-GyCommuneThe town hall in Bucey-lès-Gy Coat of armsLocation of Bucey-lès-Gy Bucey-lès-GyShow map of FranceBucey-lès-GyShow map of Bourgogne-Franche-ComtéCoordinates: 47°25′26″N 5°50′37″E / 47.4239°N 5.8436°E / 47.4239; 5.8436CountryFranceRegionBourgogne-Franche-ComtéDepartmentHaute-SaôneArrondissementVesoulCantonMarnayGovernment • Mayor (2020–2026) Freddy Kopec[1]Area121....

 

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Eldred v. Ashcroft – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2003 United States Supreme Court caseEldred v. AshcroftSupreme Court of the United StatesArgued October 9, 2002Decided January 15,...

 

Copa de Oro 1996Copa de Oro Nicolás Leoz 1996 Competizione Copa de Oro Sport Calcio Edizione 3ª Organizzatore CONMEBOL Date 13 agosto - 16 agosto 1996 Luogo 1 città Partecipanti 4 Impianto/i 1 stadio Risultati Vincitore  Flamengo(1º titolo) Secondo  San Paolo Statistiche Miglior marcatore Sávio (Flamengo, 3 gol) Incontri disputati 4 Gol segnati 10 (2,5 per incontro) Cronologia della competizione 1995 Manuale La Copa de Oro 1996 è stata la terza e ultima edizione del...

Basileios IKaisar dan Autokrat RomawiBasileios, putranya Konstantinos, dan istri keduanya, Permaisuri Evdokia Engerina.Kaisar Kekaisaran Romawi TimurBerkuasa867–886PendahuluMikhaēl IIIPenerusLeo VIInformasi pribadiKelahiran811MakedoniaKematian29 Agustus 886 (0886-08-30) (usia 75)AnakRincianKaisar Leo VIKaisar Alexandros IIIPatriark Stephanos I Basileios I, disebut Makedonia (Yunani: Βασίλειος ὁ Μακεδών, Basíleios ō Makedṓn; 811 – 29 Agustus 886) merupakan s...

 

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) 18°10′30″N 42°28′0″E / 18.17500°N 42.46667°E / 18.17500; 42.46667 (جبل نهران) جبل نهران الموقع منطقة عسير  ال...

 

عبد الله الثاني بن إبراهيم الثاني الأغلبي عاشر ملوك  الدولة الأغلبية فترة الحكم289 هـ - 290 هـ إبراهيم الثاني زيادة الله الثالث معلومات شخصية الميلاد 252 هـالقيروان،  الدولة الأغلبية الوفاة 290 هـالقيروان،  الدولة الأغلبية الديانة الإسلام، أهل السنة والجماعة الأولاد ز�...

Biografi ini memerlukan lebih banyak catatan kaki untuk pemastian. Bantulah untuk menambahkan referensi atau sumber tepercaya. Materi kontroversial atau trivial yang sumbernya tidak memadai atau tidak bisa dipercaya harus segera dihapus, khususnya jika berpotensi memfitnah.Cari sumber: Andi Maddusila Andi Idjo – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Andi Maddusila Patta Nyo...

 

Mixed ideographic/phonetic writing system for Nahuatl You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (May 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pas...

 

جغرافيا بلغاريامعلومات عامةالبلد بلغاريا القارة أوروبا الساحل البحر الأسود الحدود رومانياتركيااليونانمقدونيا الشماليةصربياالبحر الأسودالاتحاد السوفيتييوغوسلافياالاتحاد الأوروبيالشرق الأوسط الأرض والتضاريسالمساحة 110٬993٫6 كم² أعلى نقطة قمة مصلى أدنى نقطة البحر الأس�...

منتخب مصر لكرة القدم معلومات عامة اللقب الفَراعنة بلد الرياضة  مصر الفئة كرة القدم للرجال  رمز الفيفا EGY  تاريخ التأسيس 1920  الاتحاد الاتحاد المصري لكرة القدم كونفدرالية الاتحاد الإفريقي لكرة القدم كونفدرالية فرعية اتحاد شمال إفريقيا لكرة القدم انتماءات أخرى ال�...

 

De Midlands (groen) tussen Noord-Engeland (blauw) en Zuid-Engeland (geel) De Midlands (in het Engels ook wel English Midlands genoemd, het Engelse middenland) is een traditionele regio van Engeland. Zoals de naam al aanduidt, omvatten de Midlands het centrale deel van Engeland. Het vormt de schakel tussen Noord- en Zuid-Engeland. Het gebied ligt ook tussen Wales in het westen en de Noordzee in het oosten. De Midlands hebben ongeveer 10 miljoen inwoners. Grootste stad van de regio is Birmingha...

 

Sultanato di Malwaمالوہ سلطنتSultanato di Malwaمالوہ سلطنت - LocalizzazioneStati indiani nel XV secolo, tra cui il Sultanato di Malwa (a E del Gujarat. Dati amministrativiCapitaleDhar, poi Mandu PoliticaForma di governoSultanato SultanoVedi i sultani Nascita1392 Fine1561/2 con Baz Bahadur Territorio e popolazioneReligione e societàReligione di StatoIslam sunnita Evoluzione storicaPreceduto da Sultanato di Delhi Succeduto da Sultanato di GujaratMoghul Ora parte di Ind...

Shia Iranian dynasty in Iran and Iraq (934–1062) Buyid Dynastyآل بویه (Persian)Âl-i Būya934–1062[1]The Buyid dynasty in 970the Buyid realm at the time of Adud al-Dawla's death (Yemen not shown)Capital Shiraz(Buyids of Fars, 934–1062) Ray(Buyids of Jibal, 943–1029) Baghdad(Buyids of Iraq, 945–1055) Common languages Arabic (official and court language; lingua franca)[2] Middle Persian (secondary court language)[2] New Persian (popular, literat...

 

(Mathematical) decomposition into a product For other uses, see Factor (disambiguation). The polynomial x2 + cx + d, where a + b = c and ab = d, can be factorized into (x + a)(x + b). In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind. F...