John Rivers (pirate)

For the Tudor politician, see John Rivers.

John Rivers (died 1719) was a pirate best known for leading a settlement and trading post on Madagascar.

History

The English Courteen Association attempted to sponsor a colony at St. Augustine on the south-western Madagascar coast. Colonists landed in 1645 but by the following year disease, famine, and conflict with the native Malagasy reduced their numbers too far and the colonists fled; within a few decades the bay surrounding St. Augustine was a favorite stopping point for pirates.[1]

Ex-pirate Rivers set up a small settlement and trading post at St. Augustine in 1686.[2] He charged trading fees to merchants and slavers who came to exchange goods.[3] Fellow pirate John Halsey visited St. Augustine Bay in 1705, as did John Bowen and Thomas White.[4] Castaway sailor Robert Drury survived the loss of the Degrave in 1703 and spent many years in service to various native Kings, as well as visiting John Pro and other ex-pirate traders. In his memoir he recalled how Samuel Burgess traveled to St. Augustine to buy slaves. Drury often searched for a way to escape the island, looking for a place where American or European ships might stop so he could beg for passage. He was not enthusiastic about his chances of finding passage off Madagascar from St. Augustine:

“And when I came to consider that ships come to this country, and the poor condition of St. Augustine Bay rendered it very unlikely they should come to trade there, I did not find; but I was by this providence likely to get sooner to England than any other place where I had yet been.”[5]

Rivers died in 1719, the same year as fellow pirate traders Pro and Thomas Collins.[a][3]

See also

Other ex-pirates who established trading posts on or near Madagascar:

Notes

  1. ^ Like Drury, Collins was also a Degrave survivor. Halsey, when he visited the island, also picked up some more Degrave castaways.

References

  1. ^ Bradt, Hilary; Austin, Daniel (2014). Madagascar. Guilford CT: Bradt Travel Guides. p. 216. ISBN 9781841624983. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  2. ^ Sherry, Frank (1986). Raiders and rebels: the golden age of piracy. New York: Quill. ISBN 9780688075156. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  3. ^ a b Grey, Charles (1933). Pirates of the eastern seas (1618-1723): a lurid page of history. London: S. Low, Marston & co., ltd. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  4. ^ Defoe, Daniel (2012). A General History of the Pyrates (Schonhorn ed.). New York: Courier Corporation. p. xxxiv. ISBN 9780486131948. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  5. ^ Defoe, Daniel; Oliver, Samuel Pasfield; Rochon, Alexis (1890). Madagascar; or, Robert Drury's journal, during fifteen years' captivity on that island. And a further description of Madagascar, by the Abbé Alexis Rochon. London: London, T.F. Unwin. p. 258. Retrieved 27 July 2018.


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