Having been commissioned as a pilot officer midway through his Korean service, Newham's next posting was with No. 78 (Fighter) Wing on Malta, where he flew de Havilland Vampires until 1955.[1][2] The wing had been on garrison duty in Malta since July 1952, and Newham was one of five Korean War veterans who replaced pilots posted back to Australia.[6] He married Jo Cranston in 1956; the couple had two daughters and a son.[3] By November 1957, Newham had been promoted to flight lieutenant and was undergoing conversion training on the CAC Sabre. From 1958 to 1960 he served in Malaya with No. 3 Squadron, whose Sabres conducted operations against communist guerrillas in the final years of the Malayan Emergency.[3][7]
Rise to senior command
F-111C swing-wing bomber; as Officer Commanding No. 78 Wing, Newham flew the first of the RAAF's original order of twenty-four aircraft to RAAF Base Amberly, Queensland, in June 1973.
By now a group captain, Newham was appointed Officer Commanding No. 82 Wing at RAAF Base Amberley, Queensland, in 1973.[1][2] He formed the RAAF Washington Flying Unit at McClellan Air Force Base, California, on 31 March to ferry the first twelve (out of a total order of twenty-four) General Dynamics F-111C swing-wing bombers to Australia.[12] On 1 June, Newham led the first three F-111s in to land at Amberley, a gala occasion attended by the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Defence, Lance Barnard, the Chief of the Air Staff, Air Marshal Charles Read, the Air Officer Commanding Operational Command, Air Vice Marshal Brian Eaton, and a large media contingent. Newham later recalled that "our air force cred went up in the area and in the world with that aeroplane".[13] Read ordered Newham to operate the F-111 with great caution initially, well within limits, lest the long-delayed and controversial aircraft suffer greater damage to its reputation through early attrition. Despite Newham's protests over the plane's capabilities, the restrictions remained in place until 1975.[14] That year he was appointed Staff Officer Operations at Headquarters Operational Command (OPCOM).[2]
Senior command and later life
Newham was promoted air commodore in 1976 and became Senior Air Staff Officer at OPCOM, serving through the following year.[1][2] In 1978 he attended the Royal College of Defence Studies, London, and was made Director General of Operational Requirements in 1979.[2] In this capacity he visited Israel to investigate air-to-air refuelling operations, coming away favourably impressed: "the Israelis had more match practice than anybody around at the time. The experience gave me confidence in operational judgments."[15] He was promoted air vice marshal and appointed Chief of Air Force Operations in March 1980, effective from April, and served on the Chief of the Air Staff Advisory Committee.[16][17] In 1982 he was posted to the United States as the Head of Australian Defence Staff in Washington, D.C. Returning to Australia, Newham became Deputy Chief of the Air Staff in March 1984.[1][18] He was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia on 11 June for services to the RAAF.[19]
Promoted to air marshal, Newham became Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) on 21 May 1985, succeeding Air Marshal David Evans.[20][21] Newham initially endorsed the Federal government's 1986 Review of Australia's Defence Capabilities, otherwise known as the Dibb Report, but shortly afterwards publicly criticised its "understanding of the application of air power" and "debatable judgments", especially its lukewarm attitude to the employment of the F-111s for strategic strike.[22] At a conference the same year, he reiterated the RAAF's position that "defensive action may prevent defeat, but wars can be won only by offensive action".[23] On 9 June, he was raised to Companion of the Order of Australia for service to the RAAF, "particularly as Chief of the Air Staff".[24] Newham's term as CAS was also marked by the Federal government's decision to transfer the RAAF's battlefield helicopters to the Australian Army, against the recommendation of an independent committee. According to Air Force historians Alan Stephens and Keith Isaacs, "Newham protected the best interests of the Australian Defence Force by getting on with the business of effecting the transfer, notwithstanding the deep disappointment within his own service.[1] In February 1987, OPCOM (subsequently Air Command) was restructured into Force Element Groups (FEGs), large functional organisations that supplanted the earlier concept of all-powerful air base commands, to which every unit on a base reported.[25][26] Initially established on a one-year trial basis, the FEGs have remained in place.[26][27]
Newham completed his tenure as CAS on 3 July 1987 and was succeeded by Air Marshal Ray Funnell.[20] Retiring from the Air Force, he became Director of Helitech Industries.[2] On 23 July 1998, he was among those present when the Korean Ambassador to Australia awarded his government's Presidential Unit Citation to No. 77 Squadron.[28] Newham was one of ten surviving veterans of the squadron belatedly presented with the US Air Medal in Canberra on 27 June 2011, for meritorious service in the Korean War.[29] He died on 27 December 2022, at the age of 92.[30]
Notes
^ abcdefghStephens; Isaacs, High Fliers, pp. 174–176
Stephens, Alan; Isaacs, Jeff (1996). High Fliers: Leaders of the Royal Australian Air Force. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN0-644-45682-5.
