John Atkinson Grimshaw

John Atkinson Grimshaw
Born(1836-09-06)6 September 1836
Leeds, England
Died13 October 1893(1893-10-13) (aged 57)
Knostrop, Leeds, England
Resting placeWoodhouse Cemetery, Woodhouse, Leeds
Known forPainting
Spouse
Frances Hubbard
(m. 1856)

John Atkinson Grimshaw (6 September 1836 – 13 October 1893) was an English Victorian-era artist best known for his nocturnal scenes of urban landscapes.[1][2] He was called a "remarkable and imaginative painter" by the critic and historian Christopher Wood in Victorian Painting (1999).[3]

Grimshaw's love for realism stemmed from a passion for photography, which would eventually lend itself to the creative process. Though entirely self-taught, he is known to have openly used a camera obscura or lenses to project scenes onto canvas, which made up for his shortcomings as a draughtsman and his imperfect knowledge of perspective. This technique, which Caravaggio and Vermeer were suspected to have also used in secret, was condemned by a number of his contemporaries who believed it demonstrated less skill than painting by eye,[4] with some claiming that his paintings appeared to "show no marks of handling or brushwork", while others "were doubtful whether they could be accepted as paintings at all".[5] However, many recognised his mastery of colour, lighting and shadow, as well as his unique ability to provoke strong emotional responses in the viewer. James McNeill Whistler, whom Grimshaw worked with in his Chelsea studios, stated, "I considered myself the inventor of nocturnes until I saw Grimmy's moonlit pictures."[6]

His early paintings were signed "JAG", "J. A. Grimshaw", or "John Atkinson Grimshaw", though he finally settled on "Atkinson Grimshaw".

Life

Atkinson Grimshaw's home 1866–70
Leeds Civic Trust, Blue Plaque
Plaque on the wall of the old crypt in St George’s field referencing Atkinson Grimshaw’s nearby burial
One of his paintings of Knostrop Old Hall

He was born on 6 September 1836 in a back-to-back house in Park Street, Leeds to Mary and David Grimshaw.[7] In 1856 he married his cousin Frances Hubbard (1835–1917). In 1861, at the age of 24, to the dismay of his parents, he left his job as a clerk for the Great Northern Railway to become a painter. He first exhibited in 1862, mostly paintings of birds, fruit, and blossom, under the patronage of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society.[8] He and his wife moved in 1866 to a semi-detached villa, which is now numbered 56 Cliff Road in Headingley and has a Leeds Civic Trust blue plaque, and in 1870 to Knostrop Old Hall.[7] Grid Reference: SE 32125 32100. He became successful in the 1870s and rented a second home, Castle-by-the-Sea in Scarborough. Scarborough became a favourite subject.

He died on 31 October 1893 and is buried in Woodhouse Cemetery, now called St George's Field, in Leeds and part of the University of Leeds campus. Cause of death is listed as 'abscess'.[9]

Four of his children, Arthur E. Grimshaw (1864–1913), Louis H. Grimshaw (1870–1944), Wilfred Grimshaw (1871–1937), and Elaine Grimshaw (1877–1970) also became painters.

Work

Glasgow, Saturday Night

Grimshaw's primary influence was the Pre-Raphaelites. True to the Pre-Raphaelite style, he created landscapes of accurate colour and lighting, vivid detail and realism, often typifying seasons or a type of weather. Moonlit views of city and suburban streets and of the docks in London, Hull, Liverpool, and Glasgow also figured largely in his art. His careful painting and his skill in lighting effects meant that he captured both the appearance and the mood of a scene in minute detail. His "paintings of dampened gas-lit streets and misty waterfronts conveyed an eerie warmth as well as alienation in the urban scene."[10]

Dulce Domum (1885), on whose reverse Grimshaw wrote, "mostly painted under great difficulties", captures the music portrayed in the piano-player, entices the eye to meander through the richly decorated room, and to consider the still and silent young lady who is listening. Grimshaw painted more interior scenes, especially in the 1870s, when he worked under the influence of James Tissot and the Aesthetic Movement.[11]

On Hampstead Hill is considered one of Grimshaw's finest works, exemplifying his skill with a variety of light sources, in capturing the mood of the passing of twilight into night. In his later career his urban scenes under twilight or yellow streetlighting were popular with his middle-class patrons.[12]

His later work included imagined scenes from the Greek and Roman empires, and he painted literary subjects from Longfellow and Tennyson — pictures including Elaine and The Lady of Shalott. Grimshaw named his children after characters in Tennyson's poems.[13]

In the 1880s, Grimshaw maintained a London studio in Chelsea, not far from the studio of James Abbott McNeill Whistler. After visiting Grimshaw, Whistler remarked that "I considered myself the inventor of Nocturnes until I saw Grimmy's moonlit pictures."[14] Unlike Whistler's Impressionistic night scenes, Grimshaw worked in a realistic vein: "sharply focused, almost photographic", his pictures innovated in applying the tradition of rural moonlight images to the Victorian city, recording "the rain and mist, the puddles and smoky fog of late Victorian industrial England with great poetry."[15]

Grimshaw's paintings depicted the contemporary world but eschewed the dirty and depressing aspects of industrial towns.[16] Shipping on the Clyde, a depiction of Glasgow's Victorian docks, is a lyrically beautiful evocation of the industrial era. Grimshaw transcribed the fog and mist so accurately as to capture the chill in the damp air, and the moisture penetrating the heavy clothes of the few figures awake in the misty early morning.[16]

The Ironbound Shore

Reputation and legacy

Grimshaw left behind no letters, journals, or papers. His reputation rested on, and his legacy is based on, his townscapes. There was a revival of interest in Grimshaw's work in the second half of the 20th century, with several important exhibitions devoted to it. A retrospective exhibition "Atkinson Grimshaw – Painter of Moonlight" ran from 16 April – 4 September 2011 at the Mercer Art Gallery in Harrogate and subsequently in the Guildhall Art Gallery, London.[17]

References

  1. ^ Alexander Robertson, Atkinson Grimshaw, London, Phaidon Press, 1996 ISBN 0-7148-2525-5
  2. ^ H. J. Dyos and Michael Wolff, eds., The Victorian City: Images and Realities, 2 Volumes, London, Routledge, 1973.
  3. ^ Christopher Wood, Victorian Painting, Boston, Little, Brown & Co., 1999; p. 173
  4. ^ "Looking back at artist John Atkinson Grimshaw on his birthday/website=Trinity House Paintings". 6 September 2017.
  5. ^ "John Atkinson Grimshaw, Guildhall and Richard Green Galleries, review". The Telegraph.
  6. ^ "John Atkinson Grimshaw – the Inventor of Nocturnes/website=Draw Paint Academy". 19 May 2019.
  7. ^ a b Dyson, Peter; Grady, Kevin (2001). Blue Plaques of Leeds. Leeds Civic Society. p. 78. ISBN 0905671228.
  8. ^ Isabella Steer, The History of British Art, Bath: Parragon, 2002; p. 154. ISBN 0-7525-7602-X
  9. ^ "Search the Leeds General Cemetery Burial Registers Index - Library | University of Leeds". explore.library.leeds.ac.uk. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
  10. ^ Philip J. Waller, Town, City, and Nation, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1983; p. 99.
  11. ^ Wood, pp. 264–65.
  12. ^ Steer, p. 154.
  13. ^ Wood, p. 172.
  14. ^ Lionel Lambourne, Victorian Painting, London, Phaidon Press, 1999; p. 112.
  15. ^ Lambourne, pp. 112–13.
  16. ^ a b "Shipping on the Clyde". Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza.
  17. ^ "Victorian Painter goes on display at Mercer Gallery in Harrogate". Harrogate Informer. 23 April 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2022.

Further reading

  • Alexander Robertson, Atkinson Grimshaw, London, Phaidon Press, 1996 ISBN 0-7148-2525-5
  • Yorkshire Art Journal John Atkinson Grimshaw, York, 2014 - Historical Feature
  • Henry R LEW, "Imaging the World 2018", Hybrid Publishers, Melbourne, Australia, {ISBN 9781925272819}. Chapter 16: George Hyde Pownall and the Grimshaws, pages 251-261.

Read other articles:

David Micevski Informasi pribadiNama lengkap David MicevskiTanggal lahir 25 Februari 1986 (umur 38)Tempat lahir Perth, AustraliaTinggi 1,82 m (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain Central MidfielderInformasi klubKlub saat ini Solo FCNomor 10Karier junior Perth SCStirling LionsStirling SunsKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol) 2003–20052005–20082011– Perth SC Perth GlorySolo FC 25 (0) 2 (1) Tim nasional‡2006–2007 Australia U-23 06 (0) * Penampilan dan gol di klub s...

 

Paula TsuiTsui tampil pada Paula Tsui in Concert 2018 di Coliseum Hong Kong, 17 September 2018.LahirTsui Wan Shue1 Januari 1949 (umur 75)[1]Wuhan, Hubei, TiongkokPekerjaanPenyanyiTahun aktif1969-1992; 2005-sekarangSuami/istriAlbert Cheng ​(m. 1974⁠–⁠1979)​ Paula Tsui Hanzi tradisional: 徐小鳳 Hanzi sederhana: 徐小凤 Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: xu2 xiao3 feng4 Yue (Kantonis) - Jyutping: ceoi4 siu2 fung1 Karier m...

 

العلاقات الجزائرية الإثيوبية الجزائر إثيوبيا   الجزائر   إثيوبيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الجزائرية الإثيوبية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين الجزائر وإثيوبيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه ال...

Secteur pavé de Troisvilles à Inchy Arche d'entrée du secteur pavé lors du Paris-Roubaix 2023, le 9 avril. Présentation Autre nom Pavé Jean Stablinski Course empruntée Paris-Roubaix Longueur 2 200 m Difficulté 3 étoiles Géographie Pays France Région Hauts-de-France Département Nord Localité Troisvilles LatitudeLongitude 50° 07′ 16″ nord, 3° 28′ 38″ est Géolocalisation sur la carte : Nord Secteur pavé de Troisvilles à Inch...

 

Human settlement in EnglandKewChurch of St. Francis of AssisiKewLocation in SouthportShow map of SouthportKewLocation within MerseysideShow map of MerseysideMetropolitan boroughSeftonMetropolitan countyMerseysideRegionNorth WestCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townSOUTHPORTPostcode districtPR8Dialling code01704PoliceMerseysideFireMerseysideAmbulanceNorth West UK ParliamentSouthport List of places UK England Merseyside 53°37′48″N 2°58′41″...

 

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: KRMD-FM – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Radio station in Louisiana, United StatesKRMD-FMOil City, LouisianaUnited StatesBroadcast areaShreveport-Bossier CityFrequency101.1 MHzBranding101.1...

Netherlands electricity generation by source Despite the historic usage of wind power to drain water and grind grain, the Netherlands today lags 21 of the 26 other member states of the European Union in the consumption of energy from renewable sources. In 2022, the Netherlands consumed just 15% of its total energy from renewables.[1] According to statistics published by Eurostat, it was the last among the EU countries in the shift away from global warming-inducing energy sources.[...

 

Brassica oleracea var. italica Pour l’article ayant un titre homophone, voir Broccoli. Brassica oleracea var. asparagoides Brocoli.Classification Règne Plantae Sous-règne Tracheobionta Division Magnoliophyta Classe Magnoliopsida Sous-classe Dilleniidae Ordre Capparales Famille Brassicaceae Genre Brassica Espèce Brassica oleracea VariétéBrassica oleracea var. asparagoidesDC., 1821[1] Synonymes Brassica oleracea L. var. cymosa Duchesne (1785)[réf. souhaitée] Brassica oleracea ital...

 

Nuova Topografia di Roma del 1748 incisa dal Nolli e dal Piranesi Nuova Topografia di Roma del Nolli (1748): particolare della zona di piazza del Popolo da cui si irradia il famoso tridente, costituito dalle strade di Ripetta, del Corso e del Babuino Giovanni Battista Nolli, detto anche Giambattista (Castiglione d'Intelvi, 9 aprile 1701 – Roma, 3 luglio 1756), è stato un ingegnere e architetto italiano, più noto come incisore e cartografo. Indice 1 Biografia 1.1 Nuova Topografia di Roma 2...

Aujargues Église Saint-Martin d'Aujargues. Blason Administration Pays France Région Occitanie Département Gard Arrondissement Nîmes Intercommunalité Communauté de communes du Pays de Sommières Maire Mandat Bernard Chluda 2020-2026 Code postal 30250 Code commune 30023 Démographie Populationmunicipale 779 hab. (2021 ) Densité 114 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 43° 47′ 26″ nord, 4° 07′ 25″ est Altitude Min. 50 mMax. 143 m S...

 

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مارس 2023) أمثلة لبيضاويات فائقة عندما a = 1 ,   b = 0.75 {\displaystyle a=1,\ b=0.75} البيضاوي الفائق هو منحنى مغلق يُمثل قطعاً ناقصاً، ويحتفظ بخصائصه الهندسية كمحاورِه الكبرى والصغرى. ...

 

LGBT rights in Saint Kitts and NevisSaint Kitts and NevisStatusLegal since 2022Gender identitynoMilitarynoDiscrimination protectionsNoneFamily rightsRecognition of relationshipsNo recognition of same-sex relationshipsAdoptionNone Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Saint Kitts and Nevis face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. In 2022, Saint Kitts and Nevis rescinded its criminalization of homosexuality. However, the national penal code does not addre...

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: List of equipment of the Egyptian Army – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2021) (Learn...

 

Ishak DaudLahir(1960-01-12)12 Januari 1960Blang Geulumpang, Idi Rayeuk, Aceh Timur, AcehMeninggal8 September 2004(2004-09-08) (umur 44)Peureulak, AcehPengabdian Aceh MerdekaLama dinasJuni 1987 — 8 September 2004PangkatPanglima WilayahKesatuanTentara Nasional AcehKomandanTgk Abdullah syafi'iPerang/pertempuranPemberontakan di Aceh  † Teungku Ishak Daud (12 Januari 1960 – 8 September 2004) adalah Panglima GAM wilayah Peureulak. Dia pernah dipenjarakan oleh peme...

 

List of events ← 1663 1662 1661 1660 1659 1664 in Ireland → 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 Centuries: 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th Decades: 1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s 1680s See also:Other events of 1664 List of years in Ireland Events from the year 1664 in Ireland. Incumbent Monarch: Charles II Events St Stephen's Green, Dublin, enclosed for building. St. Bride's Church is completed following the uniting of the parishes of St Stephen, St Michael Le Pole and St Bride. Portmore Castle is erected...

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Andrew Jackson (disambigua). Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento politici statunitensi non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. La neutralità di questa voce o sezione sull'argomento Storia è stata messa in dubbio. Motivo: Il giudi...

 

American philosopher Part of a series onPyrrhonism Pyrrhonists Pyrrho Timon of Phlius Aenesidemus Agrippa the Skeptic Sextus Empiricus Concepts Ataraxia Acatalepsy Adiaphora Aporia Dogma Epoché Similar philosophies Empiric school Epilogism Academic skepticism Modern influence Münchhausen trilemma Benson Mates Robert Fogelin Philosophy portalvte Robert John Fogelin (June 24, 1932– October 24, 2016)[1][2] was an American philosopher, and advocate and leading scholar of m...

 

Not to be confused with Springfield–Branson National Airport. BKG redirects here. For other uses, see BKG (disambiguation). AirportBranson AirportIATA: BKGICAO: KBBGFAA LID: BBGSummaryAirport typePublic (owned by Taney County, MO; leased to Branson Regional Airport Transportation Development District (TDD); and operated by Branson Airport, LLC)ServesBranson, MissouriOpenedMay 11, 2009 (15 years ago) (2009-05-11)Elevation AMSL1,302 ft / 397 mCoordinates36°31′5...

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Bonvoisin. Bernie Bonvoisin Bernie Bonvoisin en 1978. Photo d'identité (Sacem)Informations générales Surnom Bernard Bonvoisin Naissance 9 juillet 1956 (68 ans)Nanterre Activité principale Chanteur Activités annexes Acteur, écrivain, scénariste et réalisateur Genre musical Rock, hard rock Instruments Chant Années actives de 1977 à aujourd'hui modifier Bernie Bonvoisin à Rennes le samedi 26 novembre 2022 Bernard « Bernie » Bonvoisin...

 

Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati della Provenza-Alpi-Costa Azzurra è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Brignolescomune Brignoles – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia Regione Provenza-Alpi-Costa Azzurra Dipartimento Varo ArrondissementBrignoles CantoneBrignoles TerritorioCoordinate43°24′N 6°04′E43°24′N, 6°04′E (Brignoles) Altitudine215, 190 e 767 m s.l.m. Superficie70,69 km² Abitanti17 ...