His research interests include the evolution of diversity in insectpopulations, studying the adaptive value of different ways in which males find mating partners. He authored several books, including The Kookaburras' Song: Exploring Animal Behavior in Australia (1988), Sonoran Desert Summer (1990), The Triumph of Sociobiology (2003), and Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach (tenth edition, 2013). He authored Sonoran Desert Spring (1994) which was illustrated by Marilyn Hoff Stewart, and also authored In a Desert Garden: Love and Death Among the Insects (1999) illustrated by Turid Forsyth.
Alcock was one of the original scientists to participate in the Ask A Biologist program and continues to participate in interviews as well as answering questions from students around the world.
Alcock performed extensive research and was the leading authority on the bee Centris pallida which is common in Arizona.[1][2] Most of this research was performed in the late 1970s.