Šabata joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in the aftermath of World War II.[2] He became a prominent government supporter of the Prague Spring in 1968.[2] He left the party in 1969, soon after the Prague Spring was crushed by the Soviets, and resigned from his political positions.[1] He founded Communists in Opposition, a dissident group, during the early 1970s.[1][2] He was twice jailed for his opposition to the government as a political prisoner for a total of seven years:[2] The first from 1971 to 1976, after founding Communists in Opposition, and again from 1978 to 1981, after signing Charter 77.[1]
He was a signatory of the Charter 77 manifest and served as the group's spokesperson from 1978 to 1981, even as he was imprisoned during the same years.[1][2]
Šabata re-entered politics after the 1989 Velvet Revolution and the Fall of Communism in Czechoslovakia. He represented the Civic Forum (OF), a Czechoslovak anti-authoritarian movement formed during the Velvet Revolution.[1] He was elected as a deputy to the Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia, which continued to exist until the county's dissolution in 1993. He also served as a Minister Without Portfolio in the government of Czech Republic Prime MinisterPetr Pithart, another Charter 77 signer, within the Civic Forum from 1990 to 1992.[1] (The Czech Republic was still an internal region within Czechoslovakia during this time)