James Schwebach was born on August 15, 1847, at Platen in the Préizerdaulcommune of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, to Nicholas Joseph and Margaret (née Busch) Schwebach.[1] He received his early education from private tutors, and afterwards studied at the college of Diekirch for two years.[2]
Schwebach was ordained a priest for the Diocese of La Crosse by Bishop Thomas Grace on June 16, 1870.[4] He then served as pastor of St. Mary's for 22 years, during which time he erected a new church, school, and rectory.[3] He also built St. James the Less Parish in 1887.[1] In addition to his pastoral duties, Schwebach served as vicar general of the diocese from 1882 to 1892.[2]