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James Douglas
James Douglas
1st Earl of Morton
4th Lord of Dalkeith
Reign	1456 - 22 October 1493
Predecessor	James Douglas, 2nd Lord of Dalkeith
Successor	John Douglas, 2nd Earl of Morton
Born	1426
Died	22 October 1493
Noble family	Douglas
Spouse(s)	Joan Stewart, Countess of Morton
Issue	John Douglas, 2nd Earl of Morton; James; Janet, Countess of Bothwell; Elizabeth
Father	James Douglas, 2nd Lord of Dalkeith
Mother	Elizabeth Gifford

James Douglas (1426 – 22 October 1493), the 4th Lord of Dalkeith, was created the 1st Earl of Morton in 1458.

Life

He was the son of James Douglas, 2nd Lord of Dalkeith and Elizabeth Gifford, daughter of James Gifford of Sheriffhall.^[2] His father resigned all his estates to James in 1456 when James became the 4th Lord of Dalkeith.^[3] James was created Earl of Morton in 1458^[a]^[4] upon his marriage to Joan Stewart^[b] (1428-1493), the daughter of James I, King of Scots.^[5] She was a deaf-mute.^[5]

The Earl entered into a marriage contract with Patrick Graham, Bishop of St. Andrews between the Bishop's niece and John Douglas, the Earl's eldest son and heir.^[3] In turn the Grahams, the Bishop, his brother and nephew, allied themselves to the Earl and pledged to assist him in recovering the diverted lands of Whittingehame and Morton.^[3] It appears, however, that this pledge was intended to draw the Earl of Morton into a conspiracy that included the Bishop, Lord Boyd and his party.^[3] Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd who, as one of the Regents during the minority of James III of Scotland, took possession of the young king and married his son to the king's elder sister, for which crimes he was later attainted for high treason.^[6] The Earl of Morton apparently did not participate since he sat on the jury which convicted the Boyds.^[3] Bishop Graham was later excommunicated and deposed.^[7]

The lands of Whittinghame and all rights over the barony of Morton, Dumfriesshire were resigned into the Earl's hands in 1473-4 and in that same year he recovered the lordship of Dalkeith increasing the Earls already vast estates.^[8] He re-endowed the collegiate church at Dalkeith his 3rd great-grandfather founded and he also founded St. Martha's Hospital in Aberdour in 1474.^[5] The Earl died on 22 October 1493 when his son John succeeded him as the 2nd Earl of Morton.^[8] His wife Joan predeceased him by 4 months dying on 22 June 1493.^[9]

The Morton Monument

The Earl and Countess of Morton were buried together in the choir of the parish church of St. Nicholas Buccleuch, known as the Dalkeith Collegiate Church, in Dalkeith, south of Fife and east of Edinburgh, in Midlothian, Scotland.^[10] Known as the Morton Monument, their tombs are covered with their stone effigies, complete with their armorial bearings.^[c] The choir is now in the ruins, leaving the tombs out in the open, where, in a few centuries, the elements have erased their faces. Their hands, pressed together in prayer, were likely to have been destroyed during the Reformation. Today, as one of the visitors remarked, "[o]nce crisply carved and detailed with heraldic devices", the tombs have "the look of sand sculptures after the tide has washed in and retreated".^[11] Due to their historical value, in 2005 a team of volunteers and preservationists created a protective canopy over their effigies.^[11]^[12]

Family

He and his wife Princess Joan were the parents of:

Sir John Douglas, 2nd Earl of Morton.^[13]
James, appeared in several writs 1466–1480.^[13]
Janet, married bef. 1 February 1490–1 to Sir Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell.^[13]
Elizabeth, she was mentioned in a charter of 1479.^[13]

Notes

^ The name of this earldom derives from a small holding in East Calder. Originally it was named for another family holding, the Parish of Morton in Nithsdale but at the time of his belting as Earl, his step-grandmother, Janet Borthwick, who held Morton in Nithsdale objected to the name of the Earldom but it was at that time determined the name came from Morton in East Calder (Calderclere). See Scots Peerage, Vol. 6, p. 354.
^ "According to modern usage this lady would be entitled princess, but the sons and daughters of the Kings of Scotland were seldom given that style of courtesy until after the union of the Crowns." Maxwell, History of Douglas, Vol. 1 (1902), p. 239 n. 2.
^ Their arms, which identify their tomb, show his as two mullets in chief instead of the three of the Douglas of Douglas arms while hers shows the Douglas of Morton as just described impaled with the royal arms of Scotland. See: Maxwell, House of Douglas, Vol. 1, p. 240.

References

^ Sir Bernard Burke, The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales; Comprising a Registry of Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time (London: Harrison, 1884), p. 295
^ The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, Vol. VI, ed. Sir James Balfour Paul (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1909), p. 353
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, Vol. VI, ed. Sir James Balfour Paul (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1909), p. 354
^ George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant, Vol. IV (London: The St. Catherine Press, 1953), p. 39
^ ^a ^b ^c Herbert Maxwell, A History of the House of Douglas, Volume I (London: Freemantle & Co., 1902), p. 238
^ George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant, Vol. II (London: The St. Catherine Press, 1912), p. 260
^ Jenny Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470-1625, Vol. 3 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005), p. 77
^ ^a ^b The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, Vol. VI, ed. Sir James Balfour Paul, Volume VI (Edinburgh: David Douglas. 1909). p. 355
^ George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage; or, A history of the House of lords and all its members from the earliest times, Vol. IX (London: The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., 1936), p. 287
^ Herbert Maxwell, A History of the House of Douglas, From the Earliest Times Down to the Legislative Union of England and Scotland, Vol. 1 (London: Fremantle & Co., 1902), pp. 239–241
^ ^a ^b Anonymous, "Deaf People in History: Joanna Stewart, Countess of Morton", Deaf Life, Vol. XVIII, No. 2 (February 2013), pp. 12–15
^ Anonoymous, "Restored earl returns to Dalkeith", MidlothianAdvertiser.co.uk, Friday, 8 July 2005
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, Vol. VI, ed. Sir James Balfour Paul (Edinburgh: David Douglas. 1909). p. 356