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Jakup Ferri
Jakup Ferri
	Members of the League of Prizren, with Ali Pashë Gucia (sitting) first from the left on the first row and Jakup Ferri (standing) behind him.
Born	c. 1832; Plav, Ottoman Empire
Died	4 December 1879; Nokshiq, Ottoman Empire

Jakup Ferri (c.1832 – 4 December 1879) was an Albanian fighter from Plav-Gusinje who served as a local leader in the League of Prizren's resistance during the Principality of Montenegro's attempt to subjugate his homeland in 1879. He was distinguished in the Battle of Novšiće, where he died.

Family

He was born in 1832 to an ethnic Albanian family in Plav. His father Ferr Duri descended from the Kuči tribe. His great-great-grandfather Gjergj Prentashi with his brother had left Kuči for Podgorica and then settled in Plav, where they converted to Islam. His great-grandfather Shaban had two sons Halil and Dur. In turn, Dur had two sons Hajro and Ferr, the father of Jakup Ferri. He had three brothers Zeqo, Shaqir and Beqir, who died in the battle of Novsice. His mother was Zyl Rexha. At the age of 25, Jakup Ferri was married to Pemba, a cousin of Ali Pasha of Gusinje. He had five sons (Hasan, Mehmed, Omer, Agan, Emin) and three daughters (Kushe, Bardhoke, Zadeja).^[1] His descendants in Montenegro had to adopt the surname Ferović.^[2] In time, they were able to revert to the original surname.

His son Hasan Ferri (1860–1946) fought together with his father in this battle.^[3] In WWII, the Ferri family largely supported Balli Kombëtar and organizations adjacent to it like the Second League of Prizren.^[4] Jakup Ferri's grandson Riza (son of Mehmed) was prefect of Dibra in WWII during the annexation of that area in Albania.^[4] He committed suicide in Shkodër in 1945 at the eve of his extradition to Yugoslavia, where he was to be tried for war crimes. In wartime, his other grandson, Shemsi (son of Agan) was the prefect of Plav and a delegate of the Second League of Prizren for that area.^[4]^[5]

The participation of the Ferri family in Balli Kombëtar - a largely anti-communist organization - was cause for Jakup Ferri's exclusion in much of post-war historiography in the People's Republic of Albania about the Albanian National Awakening. In 1979, in the 100th anniversary of the creation the League of Prizren with the personal intervention of Mehmet Shehu, Jakup Ferri was excluded from the list of those who were honored as "Heroes of the Nation" (Hero i Kombit). After 1990, the historical rehabilitation of Jakup Ferri and his son began and they were honored for their service to the nation.^[4]

Battle of Novšiće

He was an active insurgent against the Montenegrin annexation of Plav and Gusinje after 1878. He joined the League of Prizren,^[6] established after the Congress of Berlin (1878) that ceded Plav and Gusinje to Montenegro. In 1878, together with many other fighters from Gjakova, they assassinated the Ottoman general Mehmet Ali Pasha who had been sent to pacify the region and force the locals to accept the decisions of the Great Powers.

In the autumn of 1879 notables of Plav and Gusinje established the local Committee of National Salvation. One its first decisions concerned the diversion to the war effort of all taxes that had been collected and the support of the troops with resources. Jakup Ferri was responsible in the region for the organization of the war effort and its resources.^[7] Ali Pasha of Gusinje, the leader of the League, appointed him commander for the defence of Plav. He commanded his forces in the retreat from the Montenegrin assaults and managed to cut off the Montenegrins when they counter-attacked. Jakup Ferri fell at the beginning of the Battle of Novšiće,^[8] which ended in a victory for the League. On 4 January 1880, Jakup Ferri would be wounded in the battle on the banks of the Lim - which was part of the greater Battle of Nokshiq. He was found standing against the wall of a mountain with 7 wounds and 30 heads surrounding him that he had cut off of the enemy soldiers. Ferri would pass away on 11 January as a result of his wounds.^[9]^[10] His actions in 1879 made him a hero of Albanian and Bosniak folk poetry together with Ali Pasha Gucia.^[11] In literature, Jakup Ferri is a central character in Gjergj Fishta's The Highland Lute in the chapters (kangë) about the defense of Plav against Montenegro.^[12]

References

^ Ferri, Naser (2016). Kush ishte Jakup Ferri (Who was Jakup Ferri?). Koha Ditore.
^ "F". Montenegrin Ethnic Association of Australia. Retrieved 13 August 2016. Ferovići su ogranak Šabovića, iz plemena su Kuč, predak Jakup Ferov Šabović, se prozvao Jakup Ferović koji je poginuo u bitci na Noksiću 1879 godine. Islamske su vjere.
^ Buda, Alex (1985). Fjalor enciklopedik shqiptar. Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH. p. 261. FERRI Hasan (1860-1946). Luftëtar dhe udhëheqës i shquar popullor nga Plava. Mori pjesë aktive përkrah të atit, Jakup Ferrit, në betejat e zhvilluara për mbrojtjen e Plavës e të Gucisë më 1879-1880. Ishte përfaqësues i Plavës e i Gucisë në ...
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ferri, Naser (22 November 2018). "RIZA FERRI EMËR QË DUHET KUJTUAR [Riza Ferri, a name that must be remembered]". Retrieved 21 March 2020.
^ Shatri, Muhamet. "PËRPJEKJET E LIDHJES SË DYTË TË PRIZRENIT PËR JETËSIMIN E ASPIRATAVE JETIKE TË KOMBIT SHQIPTAR". Fjala e Lirë. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
^ Studime filologjike. Vol. 34. Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH, Instituti i Gjuhësisë dje i Letërsisë. 1980. p. 105. sic ishin Haxhi Mulla Jaha e Jakup Feri...
^ Šabotić, Izet (2015). "Odluke Berlinskog Kongresa u svjetlu Gusinjsko-Plavske afere (1878-1880)". Historijska Misao. 1. Društvo Historičara Tuzlanskog Kantona, Odsjek za historiju Filozofskog Fakulteta Univerziteta u Tuzli: 73.: "Prva odluka novoformiranog Komiteta odnosila se na slanje Jakupa Ferovića među susjedna albanska plemena da ih obavijesti o opasnostima koje su se nadvile nad Plavom i Gusinjem, o odluci naroda ovih karajeva da brane ove domove i da se albanskim prvacima u ime građana ovih krajeva ponudi savez o zajedničkoj odbrani, prihvatajući smještaj i ishranu njihovih dobrovoljaca. Uz to, odlučeno je da Jakup Ferović ponese sa sobom sva raspoloživa novčana sredstva plavskog vakufa koja su se odnosila na sakupljene prihode po osnovu korištenja ispaše na plavskim planinama, koja su bila dosta značajna, te da sa ovim sredstvima nagradi albanske prvake kako bi ih lakše privolio da prihvate ovu saradnju."
^ Prilozi - Institut za istoriju. Institut za istoriju. 1979. p. 68. Још у почетку погинули су истакнути организатори покрета Јакуб Феровић и Омер Башулевић, који је носио заставу (барјак Плавски).
^ "JAKUP FERRI Luftëtar dhe hero i çështjes kombëtare". 14 March 2018.
^ ""Jakup Ferri mor' ku je"". 19 December 2019.
^ Kujundžić, Enes (1997). Usmena epika Bošnjaka. Svjetlost. p. 136.
^ Fishta, Gjergj; Elsie, Robert; Mathie-Heck, Janice (2005). The Highland Lute. I.B.Tauris. p. 175. ISBN 978-1-84511-118-2.