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The Smith–Purcell effect was the precursor of the free-electron laser (FEL). It was studied by Steve Smith, a graduate student under the guidance of Edward Purcell. In their experiment, they sent an energetic beam of electrons very closely parallel to the surface of a ruled optical diffraction grating, and thereby generated visible light.[1] Smith showed there was negligible effect on the trajectory of the inducing electrons. Essentially, this is a form of Cherenkov radiation where ...

Adam Nawałka Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Tomasz Nikodem HajtoTanggal lahir 16 Oktober 1972 (umur 51)Tempat lahir Maków Podhalański, PolandiaTinggi 189 m (620 ft 1 in)Posisi bermain BekKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1991–1993 Hutnik Kraków 32 (2)1993–1997 Górnik Zabrze 105 (8)1997–2000 MSV Duisburg 80 (8)2000–2004 Schalke 04 104 (6)2004–2005 1. FC Nürnberg 17 (0)2005–2006 Southampton 20 (0)2006 Derby County 5 (0)2006–2007 ŁKS Łódź 27 (1)2007�...

View of the estate in the 18th century. The Château du Raincy was constructed between 1643 and 1650 by Jacques Bordier, intendant des finances, on the site of a Benedictine priory on the road from Paris to Meaux, in the present-day commune of Le Raincy in the Seine-Saint-Denis department of France. The Château Louis Le Vau was put in charge of the design of the building.[1] The gardens are traditionally ascribed to André Le Nôtre and the interior decoration to Charles Le Brun. Thi...

Television channel Discovery Channel FinlandBroadcast areaFinlandOwnershipOwnerWarner Bros. Discovery EMEASister channelsDiscovery HD ShowcaseAnimal PlanetAnimal Planet HDHistoryLaunchedSeptember 1, 2007LinksWebsitehttp://www.discoverychannel.fi/AvailabilityTerrestrialDNAChannel 44 Discovery Channel Finland is a television channel targeting Finland owned by Discovery Networks. It has programming similar to its U.S. counterpart, the Discovery Channel. It was launched on September 1, 2007, repl...

Gereja di Elista Eparki Elista adalah sebuah eparki Gereja Ortodoks Rusia yang terletak di Elista, Federasi Rusia. Eparki tersebut didirikan pada tahun 1995.[1] Referensi ^ http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/31552.html lbsKeuskupan Gereja Ortodoks RusiaPatriark MoskwaEparki di Rusia Abakan dan Khakassia Akhtubinsk Alapayevsk Alatyr Alexdanrov Almetyevsk Amur Anadyr Ardatov Arkhangelsk Armavir Arsenyev Astrakhan Balashov Barnaul Barysh Belgorod Belyov Bezhetsk Birobidzhan Birsk Biysk Bl...

College football game2017 College Football Playoff National Championship presented by AT&T3rd College Football Playoff National Championship Clemson Tigers Alabama Crimson Tide (13–1) (14–0) ACC SEC 35 31 Head coach: Dabo Swinney Head coach: Nick Saban APCoachesCFP 332 APCoachesCFP 111 1234 Total Clemson 07721 35 Alabama 77107 31 DateJanuary 9, 2017Season2016StadiumRaymond James StadiumLocationTampa, FloridaMVPOffensive: #4 QB Deshaun Watson, Jr. ClemsonDefensive:...

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

Keuskupan NamurDioecesis NamurcensisDiocèse de Namur (Prancis)Bistum Namur (Jerman)Bisdom Namen (Belanda)Katolik Katedral St Aubin di Namur, BelgiaLokasiNegara BelgiaProvinsi gerejawiMechelen-BrusselsStatistikLuas8.100 km2 (3.100 sq mi)Populasi- Total- Katolik(per 2016)765.000500,000 (65.4%)InformasiDenominasiKatolik RomaGereja sui iurisGereja LatinRitusRitus RomaPendirian12 Mei 1559KatedralKatedral St Aubin di Namur, BelgiaKepemimpinan kiniPausFransis...

District of Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Fartown, Huddersfield – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Human settlement in EnglandFartownView from the top of Woodhouse HillFartownLocation ...

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字（Microsoftコードページ932（はしご高））が含まれています（詳細）。 第91回全国高等学校野球選手権大会 決勝戦の対戦カード試合日程 2009年8月8日 - 8月24日（雨で2日順延）キャッチフレーズ 「“夏”という名の宝物」出場校 49校参加校数 4,041校優勝校 中京大中京（愛知、43年ぶり7回目）試合数 48試�...

Battle in World War I Battle of TutrakanPart of the Dobruja Campaign of the Romanian Campaign of World War IThe Battle of Tutrakan by Dimitar GiudzhenovDate2 – 6 September 1916LocationTurtucaia, Kingdom of Romania (now Tutrakan, Bulgaria)Result Bulgarian victoryBelligerents  Bulgaria German Empire  RomaniaCommanders and leaders Panteley Kiselov Mihail Aslan Constantin TeodorescuStrength 31 battalions:55,000 19 battalions (initially):39,00036 battalions (end phase)4 river moni...

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This biographical article is written like a résumé. Please help improve it by revising it to be neutral and encyclopedic. (June 2020) This biography of a living person relies too much on references to primary sources. Please help by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly...

事件現場の跡地に造られた公園の入口にある、犠牲者の名を刻んだ碑 バス学校爆破事件（バスがっこうばくはじけん、英語: the Bath School disaster）とは、1927年5月18日、アメリカ合衆国ミシガン州のバス（Bath Township）で発生した爆破事件。45人が死亡、58人が負傷し、犠牲者の大半は爆破されたバス統合学校（Bath Consolidated School）の生徒達（7歳～12歳）であった。アメリ�...

Saus portugisTempat asalMakauBahan utamasantan, bubuk kariSunting kotak info • L • BBantuan penggunaan templat ini  Media: Saus portugis Saus portugis Hanzi: 葡汁 Makna harfiah: saus Portugal Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: pu2 zhi1 Yue (Kantonis) - Jyutping: pou4 zap1 Saus portugis adalah saus yang digunakan dalam hidangan Makau Di Makau, saus ini ( Hanzi: 葡汁 , bahasa Portugis: Molho português , pengucapan bahasa Portugis: [ˈmoʎu puɾtuˈɣe�...

Логотип OpenGL ES (OpenGL for Embedded Systems — OpenGL для встраиваемых систем) — подмножество графического интерфейса OpenGL, разработанное специально для встраиваемых систем — мобильных телефонов, карманных компьютеров, игровых консолей. OpenGL ES определяется и продвигается консор�...

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Heenan. Bobby HeenanBooby Heenan dans les années 1980.Données généralesNom de naissance Raymond Louis HeenanNom de ring Bobby HeenanNationalité AméricainNaissance 1er novembre 1944ChicagoDécès 17 septembre 2017 (à 72 ans)LargoTaille 6′ 0″ (1,83 m)[1]Poids 190 lb (86 kg)[1]Catcheur mortFédération American Wrestling AssociationWorld Wrestling FederationWorld Championship WrestlingCarrière pro. 1967 - 1984[a]modifier - m...

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (أكتوبر 2019) تويوتا كالدينامعلومات عامةالنوع طراز سيارة الفئة سيارة مدمجةالعلامة التجارية تويوتا المصنع تويوتاالإن...

Musical instrument part This article is about the musical instrument component. For the speaking aid, see Soundboard. Soundboard of a harpsichord with Chladni patterns A portion of the soundboard of a Vose & Sons upright piano No. 15 indicates the Soundboard A soundboard (occasionally called a sounding board) is the surface of a string instrument that the strings vibrate against, usually via some sort of bridge. Pianos, guitars, banjos, and many other stringed instruments incorporate soun...

Werte von geometrischen und physikalischen Größen werden in Maßeinheiten (auch Größeneinheit oder physikalische Einheit) angegeben, die einen eindeutigen (meistens international definierten) Wert haben. Alle anderen Werte der jeweiligen Größe werden als Vielfache oder Bruchteile der verwendeten Einheit angegeben. Bekannte Maßeinheiten sind beispielsweise Meter, Sekunde, Kilowattstunde, Hertz oder Kilometer pro Stunde. Maßeinheiten können für alle Größenarten definiert werden, auc...

Species of butterfly Azure hairstreak Summer form of the nominate subsp.in Mpumalanga, South Africa Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Lycaenidae Genus: Hemiolaus Species: H. caeculus Binomial name Hemiolaus caeculus(Hopffer, 1855)[1] Synonyms Hypolycaena caeculus (Hopffer, 1855) Iolaus caeculus Hopffer, 1855 Hypolycaena dolores Suffert, 1904 Hypolycaena caeculus obscurus Suffert, 1904 Hypolyc...