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Ixora
	Chinese ixora
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Gentianales
Family:	Rubiaceae
Subfamily:	Ixoroideae
Tribe:	Ixoreae
Genus:	Ixora; L.
Type species
	Ixora coccinea; L.
Species
	around 544, see text
Synonyms
	Becheria Ridl.; Bemsetia Raf.; Captaincookia N.Hallé; Charpentiera Vieill.; Doricera Verdc.; Hitoa Nadeaud; Myonima Comm. ex A.Juss.; Panchezia Montrouz.; Patabea Aubl.; Schetii Adans.; Siderodendrum Schreb.; Sideroxyloides Jacq.; Thouarsiora Homolle ex Arènes; Tsiangia H.H.Hsue & P.T.Li; Versteegia Valeton;

Ixora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae.^[1] It is the only genus in the tribe Ixoreae. It consists of tropical evergreen trees and shrubs and holds around 544 species.^[2] Though native to the tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world, its centre of diversity is in Tropical Asia. Ixora also grows commonly in subtropical climates in the United States, such as Florida where it is commonly known as West Indian jasmine.

Name

Ixora is Latinized from Sanskrit Ishwara, one of the names of the Hindu god Shiva. The genus was formally created by Linnaeus in 1753,^[3] as it was noted by Hendrik van Rheede that the flowers of what he noted as schetti (and named by Rheede as Ixora coccinea) were offered in temples in the Malabar.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Other common names include viruchi, kiskaara, kepale, rangan, kheme, ponna, chann tanea, techi, pan, siantan, jarum-jarum/jejarum, cây trang thái,^[7] jungle flame, jungle geranium, and cruz de Malta, among others.

Botany

The plants possess leathery leaves, ranging from 3 to 6 inches in length, and produce large clusters of tiny flowers in the summer. Members of Ixora prefer acidic soil, and are suitable choices for bonsai. It is also a popular choice for hedges in parts of South East Asia. In tropical climates, they flower year round and are commonly used in Hindu worship, as well as in ayurveda and Indian folk medicine.

In Brazil, fungal species Pseudocercospora ixoricola was found to be causing leaf spots on Ixora coccinea.^[8] Then in 2018, in Taiwan, during a fungal study, it was found that the species Pseudopestalotiopsis ixorae and Pseudopestalotiopsis taiwanensis caused leaf spots on species of Ixora, which is a popular garden plant in Taiwan.^[9]

Selected species

Ixora albersii K.Schum.
Ixora backeri Bremek.
Ixora beckleri Benth.
Ixora brevipedunculata Fosberg
Ixora calycina Thwaites
Ixora chinensis Lam.
Ixora coccinea L.
Ixora elongata B.Heyne ex G.Don
Ixora euosmia K.Schum.
Ixora finlaysoniana Wall. ex G.Don
Ixora foliosa Hiern
Ixora johnsonii Hook.f.
Ixora jucunda Thwaites
Ixora killipii Standl.
Ixora lawsonii Gamble
Ixora malabarica (Dennst.) Mabb.
Ixora margaretae (N.Hallé) Mouly & B.Bremer
Ixora marquesensis F.Br.
Ixora mooreensis (Nadeaud) Fosberg
Ixora nigerica Keay
Ixora nigricans R.Br. ex Wight & Arn.
Ixora ooumuensis J.Florence
Ixora panurensis Müll.Arg.
Ixora pavetta Andr.
Ixora peruviana (Spruce ex K.Schum.) Standl.
Ixora pudica Baker
Ixora raiateensis J.W.Moore
Ixora raivavaensis Fosberg
Ixora rufa Müll.Arg.
Ixora saulierei Gamble
Ixora setchellii Fosberg
Ixora st-johnii Fosberg
Ixora stokesii F.Br.
Ixora temehaniensis J.W.Moore
Ixora ulei K.Krause
Ixora umbellata Valeton
Ixora yavitensis Steyerm.

Gallery

Ixora coccinea
Ixora pavetta
Ixora pavetta
Ixora pavetta
Ixora coccinea
Ixora coccinea
Ixora coccinea
Ixora chinensis
Ixora chinensis
Whitish pink Ixora
Pink orange ixora
White Ixora
White Ixora
Young Ixora seeds
Ripe Ixora seeds (red ones)
Red mini Ixora
Pink mini ixora
Ixora coccinea
Ixora coccinea
ixora_fruits

References

^ ^a ^b "Ixora L., Sp. Pl.: 110 (1753)". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
^ "Ixora L." World Flora Online. The World Flora Online Consortium. 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
^ Reynolds, S.T.; Forster, Paul I. (2006). "A taxonomic revision of Ixora L. (Rubiaceae: Ixoroideae) in Australia". Austrobaileya. 7 (2): 253–278. doi:10.5962/p.299732. ISSN 0155-4131. JSTOR 41739031.
^ Don, George (1834). A General System of Gardening and Botany: Founded upon Miller's Gardener's Dictionary, and Arranged According to the Natural System. Vol. 3. London: J. G. and F. Rivington. p. 570.
^ Rheede, Hendrik van (1679). Hortus malabaricus. Volume 2. pp. 17–18.
^ Fosberg, F. R.; Sachet, Marie-Hélène (1989). "Lectotypification of Ixora coccinea L. (Rubiaceae)". Taxon. 38 (3): 486–489. doi:10.2307/1222302. ISSN 0040-0262. JSTOR 1222302.
^ "Cây Trang Thái". Vuoncay (in Vietnamese). 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
^ Alves, J.; Barreto, R. (2010). "Pseudocercospora ixoricola causing leaf spots on Ixora coccinea in Brazil". Plant Dis. 94 (2): 278. doi:10.1094/PDIS-94-2-0278C. PMID 30754286.
^ Tsai, Ichen; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Ariyawansa, Hiran A. (May 2018). "Molecular phylogeny, morphology and pathogenicity of Pseudopestalotiopsis species on Ixora in Taiwan". Mycological Progress. 17 (8): 941–952. Bibcode:2018MycPr..17..941T. doi:10.1007/s11557-018-1404-7. S2CID 255313328.