Born in Leningrad Oblast, Oblyakov joined Zenit Saint Petersburg aged nine.[2] In January 2016, Oblyakov made his breakthrough performance at the Granatkin Memorial youth tournament, helping the Saint Petersburg U-18 team reach the second place.[2] He finished the tournament with six goals and won the Best Player of the Tournament award.[2][3]
The following season, Oblyakov scored two goals in 20 matches, helping Ufa finish in sixth place, their highest league finish to date. On 26 July 2018, he made his debut in UEFA club competitions, starting in a goalless draw with Slovenian side Domžale in the UEFA Europa League qualifying.[7] Two weeks later, he scored a winning goal in a 2–1 victory over Luxembourgish club Progrès Niederkorn.[8]
CSKA Moscow
On 31 August 2018, Oblyakov signed for CSKA Moscow in the last day of the summer transfer window on a five-year deal for a reported fee of €4 million.[9][10] Here, he reunited with manager Viktor Goncharenko who gave Oblyakov his senior debut while at Ufa.[2] On the next day after joining, Oblyakov made his club debut as a 61st-minute substitute in a 4–0 win against Ural.[11]
On 18 August 2022, Oblyakov extended his contract with CSKA to 2027.[12]