Arboleda's first club was Categoría Primera A team Deportivo Pasto, whom he was with in the youth ranks until 2014 when he departed to sign for Primera División side Banfield.[1] He was an unused substitute three times during the 2015 campaign prior to making his professional debut in the following season on 20 March 2016 against River Plate.[1][2][3]
Arboleda represented Colombia's U17 team, winning four caps at the 2013 South American Championship in Argentina.[1] He was selected for Colombia's preliminary squad ahead of the 2018 FIFA World Cup.[6] However, he did not make the cut to twenty-three.[7] He made his international bow on 26 March 2019 at the Seoul World Cup Stadium against South Korea, having been on the bench for the previous friendly versus Japan days prior.[1]