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In the music of Ireland, Irish rebel songs are folk songs which are primarily about the various rebellions against British Crown rule. Songs about prior rebellions are a popular topic of choice among musicians which supported Irish nationalism and republicanism.

When they discuss events during the 20th and 21st centuries, Irish rebel songs focus on physical force Irish republicanism in the context of the Easter Rising, the Irish War of Independence, the Anti-Treaty IRA during the Irish Civil War, and, more recently, the Troubles in Northern Ireland.

History

The tradition of rebel music in Ireland date back to the period of English (and later British) crown rule, and describe historical events in Irish history such as rebellions against the Crown and reinforcing a desire for self-determination among the Irish people and the Irish diaspora.^{[citation needed]}

As well as a deep-rooted sense of tradition, rebel songs have nonetheless remained contemporary, and since the end of the Irish Civil War in 1923, the focus has moved onto the nationalist cause in Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State, including support for the Anti-Treaty IRA, the Provisional IRA, the INLA, and Sinn Féin.^[1] However, the subject matter is not confined to Irish history, and includes the exploits of the Connolly Column, who fought for the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War, and also those who participated in the American Civil War. There are also some songs that express sorrow over war (from a Republican perspective), such as Only our rivers run free, and some have been covered by bands that have tweaked lyrics to be explicitly anti-war, such as the cover of The Patriot Game by Scottish band The Bluebells.

Over the years, a number of bands have performed "crossover" music, that is, Irish rebel lyrics and instrumentation mixed with other, more pop styles. Damien Dempsey is known for his pop-influenced rebel ballads and bands like Beltaine's Fire and Kneecap combine Rebel music with Political hip hop and other genres.^{[citation needed]}

Contemporary music

Irish rebel music has occasionally gained international attention. The Wolfe Tones' version of A Nation Once Again was voted the number one song in the world by BBC World Service listeners in 2002.^[2] Many of the more popular acts recently such as Saoirse, Éire Óg, Athenrye, Shebeen, Mise Éire and Pádraig Mór are from Glasgow. The Bog Savages of San Francisco are fronted by an escapee from Belfast's Long Kesh prison who made his break in the September 1983 "Great Escape" by the IRA.

Music of this genre has often courted controversy with some of this music effectively banned from the airwaves in the Republic of Ireland in the 1980s. More recently, Derek Warfield's music was banned from Aer Lingus flights, after the Ulster Unionist politician Roy Beggs Jr compared his songs to the speeches of Osama bin Laden.^[3] However, a central tenet of the justification for rebel music from its supporters is that it represents a long-standing tradition of freedom from tyranny.^[4]

Themes include "Arbour Hill", about the place; "Fergal O'Hanlon", about the man; "Northern Gaels"/"Crumlin Jail", about the prison; "The Ballad of Mairead Farrell", about the woman; "Seán Treacy", about the man; and "Pearse Jordan", about the man.

List of notable songs by era of subject

Nine Years War

Rapparee songs

Éamonn an Chnoic (a.k.a. Ned of the Hill)
Mná na h-Éireann

Jacobite songs

Irish rising of 1798

Boolavogue
The Boys of Wexford
The Bold Fenian Men a.k.a. Down by the Glenside
Come All You Warriors
The Croppy Boy
Dunlavin Green
The Minstrel Boy
The Rising of the Moon
The Wearing of the Green
Tone's Grave (a.k.a. Bodenstown Churchyard)
The Wind that Shakes the Barley

19th-century

Easter Rising of 1916

Amhrán na bhFiann, (a.k.a. The Soldier's Song) – officially adopted as the Irish National Anthem on 12 July 1926
Banna Strand (a.k.a. Lonely Banna Strand)
The Broad Black Brimmer
Erin Go Bragh
The Foggy Dew (Irish ballad)
James Connolly; about the man
Oró Sé do Bheatha 'Bhaile

Irish War of Independence

Irish Civil War

IRA Northern Campaign

The Troubles

Belfast Brigade
Back Home in Derry, by Bobby Sands; to the tune of The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald
Connaught Rangers (a.k.a. The Drums Were Beating), about the regiment
Four Green Fields by Tommy Makem
Give Ireland Back to the Irish
Go on home, British soldiers
The Helicopter Song
Irish Citizen Army; about the organisation
Irish Volunteers; about the organisation
Join the British Army
My Little Armalite
The Men Behind the Wire
Roll of Honour
Sunday Bloody Sunday (by John Lennon and Yoko Ono — the U2 song of the same name is "not a rebel song")
Tiocfaidh ár lá (a.k.a. SAM song))
You'll Never Beat the Irish
Ambush at Drumnakilly
Arthur McBride
The Boy from Tamlaghtduff
Dying Rebel
Four Green Fields
Gerard Casey; about the man.^[5]
Ireland Unfree; named for the oration
Joe McDonnell; about the man
Martin Hurson; about the man
Men of the West;
Only Our Rivers Run Free; by Mickey MacConnell
Pat of Mullingar
The People's Own MP
Streets of Sorrow/Birmingham Six
Tom Williams; about the man.
There Were Roses, by Tommy Sands

Sunday Bloody Sunday (U2 song)

The 1983 U2 album War includes the song "Sunday Bloody Sunday", a lament for the Northern Ireland troubles whose title alludes to the 1972 Bloody Sunday shooting of Catholic demonstrators by British soldiers. In concert, Bono began introducing the song with the disclaimer "this song is not a rebel song".^[6] These words are included in the version on Under a Blood Red Sky, the 1983 live album of the War Tour. The 1988 concert film Rattle and Hum includes a performance hours after the 1987 Remembrance Day bombing in Enniskillen, which Bono condemns in a mid-song rant.

In response, Sinéad O'Connor released a song with the title "This is a Rebel Song",^[7] as she explains in her live album How About I Be Me (And You Be You)?

Satire

During the 1990s, Irish comedian Dermot Morgan lampooned both the Wolfe Tones and the clichés of Irish rebel songs by singing about the martyrdom of Fido, an Alsatian dog who saves his IRA master in the Irish War of Independence. During a search of the house by the Black and Tans, Fido hides his master's hand grenade by eating it. When Fido farts and the grenade explodes, the British comment: "Excuse me, mate, was there something your dog ate?!"^[8]^[9] In a parody of Thomas Osborne Davis' famous rebel song "A Nation Once Again", the song climaxes with the words: "Another martyr for old Ireland, by Britannia cruelly slain! I hope that somewhere up there I hope he'll be an Alsatian once again! An Alsatian once again! An Alsatian once again! That Fido who's now in ribbons will be an Alsatian once again!"^[10]^[11]
Irish-American actor and comedian Denis Leary engaged in a similarly brutal mockery of rebel songs and their cliches in Traditional Irish Song.^[12]