III Zw 2

III Zw 2
III Zw 2 captured by DESI Legacy Surveys
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationPisces
Right ascension00h 10m 31.0s
Declination10° 58′ 29.5″
Redshift0.089
Distance1.09 Gly (334.2 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)0.27
Apparent magnitude (B)0.36
Characteristics
TypeSy1.2
Size67,500 ly in diameter
Notable featuresFirst seyfert galaxy to show a superluminal jet
Other designations
PG 0007+106, Mrk 1501, PGC 737, RBS 0019, 2E 0029, NVSS J001030+105827

III Zw 2 is a Seyfert 1 galaxy located in the Pisces constellation. It has a redshift of 0.089 and is notable as the first of its kind to exhibit a superluminal jet.[1][2]

Discovery

III Zw 2 was first discovered by Fritz Zwicky via a 48-inch Schmidt survey as a stellar object with faint wisps.[3] However, it was confirmed to have a Seyfert morphology with classical broadline characteristic based on further spectroscopic studies.[4] It was also included in Palomar Green quasar sample.[5]

Characteristics

The host galaxy of III Zw 2 was initially classified as a spiral galaxy.[6][7] However according to a recent study made on its budge and disk decomposition via Hubble Space Telescope in 2009, it has since been reclassified as an elliptical galaxy.[8] It has a star-forming tidal bridge feature indicating a merger with a companion galaxy.[9] Furthermore, III Zw 2 belongs to a class of radio-intermediate quasars[10] and is a member of a triple galaxy system.[11]

Active nucleus

The nucleus of III Zw 2 is active. In additional, to its superluminal jet, the galaxy shows two distinctive γ-ray flares happening between November 2009 and May 2010, according to observations by Fermi-LAT.[11] It is also known to have a highly variable radio core flux density between factor of 20-30.[12]

Black hole

III Zw 2 contains a supermassive black hole[13] of 7.4 × 108 M⊙.[14] The black hole is responsible for producing an ionized wind outflow with a velocity of (−1780 ± 670) km s−1.[15] Approximately every five years the galaxy emits dramatic radio outbursts.[16][17]

References

  1. ^ Brunthaler, A.; Falcke, H.; Bower, G. C.; Aller, M. F.; Aller, H. D.; Teräsranta, H.; Lobanov, A. P.; Krichbaum, T. P.; Patnaik, A. R. (2000-05-01). "III Zw 2, the first superluminal jet in a Seyfert galaxy". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 357: L45 – L48. arXiv:astro-ph/0004256. Bibcode:2000A&A...357L..45B. ISSN 0004-6361.
  2. ^ H.D, Aller (1987). "iiizw2.pdf" (PDF). Iiizw.2.PDF. 1: 1–4 – via Astrophysics And Astronomy.
  3. ^ Schnopper, H. W.; Delvaille, J. P.; Epstein, A.; Cash, W.; Charles, P.; Bowyer, S.; Hjellming, R. M.; Owen, F. N.; Cotton, W. D. (1978). "X-ray and radio emission from the compact galaxy III ZW 2". The Astrophysical Journal. 222: L91. Bibcode:1978ApJ...222L..91S. doi:10.1086/182699. Retrieved 2024-07-30.
  4. ^ Arp, Halton (1968-06-01). "A Compact Galaxy (iii ZW 2) and a Compact Radio Galaxy (3C 120) with Seyfert-Type Spectra". The Astrophysical Journal. 152: 1101. Bibcode:1968ApJ...152.1101A. doi:10.1086/149621. ISSN 0004-637X.
  5. ^ Schmidt, M.; Green, R. F. (June 1983). "Quasar evolution derived from the Palomar bright quasar survey and other complete quasar surveys". The Astrophysical Journal. 269: 352. Bibcode:1983ApJ...269..352S. doi:10.1086/161048. ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. ^ Brunthaler, A.; Falcke, H.; Bower, G. C.; Aller, M. F.; Aller, H. D.; Teraesranta, H. (2000-09-28), III Zw 2: superluminal expansion and compact lobe expansion in a Seyfert galaxy, arXiv:astro-ph/0009468
  7. ^ Falcke, Heino; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Lobanov, Andrew P.; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Patnaik, Alok R.; Aller, Margo F.; Aller, Hugh D.; Teräsranta, Harri; Wright, Melvyn C. H.; Sandell, Göran (1999-03-20). "A Major Radio Outburst in III Z[CLC]w[/CLC] 2 with an Extremely Inverted, Millimeter-peaked Spectrum". The Astrophysical Journal. 514 (1): L17 – L20. doi:10.1086/311937. ISSN 0004-637X.
  8. ^ Veilleux, S.; Kim, D.-C.; Rupke, D. S. N.; Peng, C. Y.; Tacconi, L. J.; Genzel, R.; Lutz, D.; Sturm, E.; Contursi, A.; Schweitzer, M.; Dasyra, K. M.; Ho, L. C.; Sanders, D. B.; Burkert, A. (2009-07-24). "A DEEPHUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPEH-BAND IMAGING SURVEY OF MASSIVE GAS-RICH MERGERS. II. THE QUEST QSOs". The Astrophysical Journal. 701 (1): 587–606. arXiv:0906.3157. Bibcode:2009ApJ...701..587V. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/701/1/587. ISSN 0004-637X.
  9. ^ Surace, Jason A.; Sanders, D. B.; Evans, A. S. (2001-12-01). "Optical and Near-Infrared Imaging of Infrared-Excess Palomar-Green Quasars". The Astronomical Journal. 122 (6): 2791–2809. arXiv:astro-ph/0109405. Bibcode:2001AJ....122.2791S. doi:10.1086/324462. ISSN 0004-6256.
  10. ^ Brunthaler, A.; Falcke, H.; Bower, G. C.; Aller, M. F.; Aller, H. D.; Teraesranta, H. (2000-09-28), III Zw 2: superluminal expansion and compact lobe expansion in a Seyfert galaxy, arXiv:astro-ph/0009468
  11. ^ a b Liao, Neng-Hui; Xin, Yu-Liang; Fan, Xu-Liang; Weng, Shan-Shan; Li, Shao-Kun; Chen, Liang; Fan, Yi-Zhong (2016-10-01). "DISCOVERY OF γ-RAY EMISSION FROM THE RADIO-INTERMEDIATE QUASAR III ZW 2: VIOLENT JET ACTIVITY WITH INTRADAY γ-RAY VARIABILITY". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 226 (2): 17. arXiv:1605.00276. Bibcode:2016ApJS..226...17L. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/226/2/17. ISSN 0067-0049.
  12. ^ Aller, H. D.; Aller, M. F.; Latimer, G. E.; Hodge, P. E. (1985-12-01). "Spectra and linear polarizations of extragalactic variable sources atcentimeter wavelengths". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 59: 513–768. Bibcode:1985ApJS...59..513A. doi:10.1086/191083. ISSN 0067-0049.
  13. ^ "Multiwavelength behaviour of III Zw 2 N Salvi". slidetodoc.com. Archived from the original on 2022-02-12. Retrieved 2022-02-12.
  14. ^ Shangguan, Jinyi; Ho, Luis C.; Xie, Yanxia (2018-02-20). "On the Gas Content and Efficiency of AGN Feedback in Low-redshift Quasars". The Astrophysical Journal. 854 (2): 158. arXiv:1802.08364. Bibcode:2018ApJ...854..158S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa9be. ISSN 0004-637X.
  15. ^ Silpa, S; Kharb, P; Harrison, C M; Ho, L C; Jarvis, M E; Ishwara-Chandra, C H; Sebastian, B (2021-08-20). "Outflows in the radio-intermediate quasar III Zw 2: a polarization study with the EVLA and uGMRT". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 507 (1): 991–1001. arXiv:2107.01818. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1870. ISSN 0035-8711.
  16. ^ Brunthaler, A.; Falcke, H.; Bower, G. C.; Aller, M. F.; Aller, H. D.; Terasranta, H.; Krichbaum, T. P. (2002), III Zw 2: Evolution of a Radio Galaxy in a Nutshell, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.9.2332
  17. ^ Brunthaler, A.; Falcke, H.; Bower, G. C.; Aller, M. F.; Aller, H. D.; Teräsranta, H. (2005-05-01). "The extreme flare in III Zw 2: - Evolution of a radio jet in a Seyfert galaxy". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 435 (2): 497–506. Bibcode:2005A&A...435..497B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042427. hdl:2066/33188. ISSN 0004-6361.

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