PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Hong Tianguifu
Hong Tianguifu
Traditional Chinese	洪天貴福
Simplified Chinese	洪天贵福
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Hóng Tiānguìfú
Birth name
Traditional Chinese	洪天貴
Simplified Chinese	洪天贵
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Hóng Tiānguì

Names
	Hong Tianguifu 洪貴福
Era name and dates
	太平囯: 6 June 1864 – 18 November 1864

Hong Tianguifu
Hong Tianguifu
Taiping Heavenly King (太平天王)
Reign	6 June 1864 – 18 November 1864
Coronation	6 June 1864
Predecessor	Hong Xiuquan
Successor	Kingdom abolished
Born	Hong Tiangui (洪貴); 23 November 1849; Guanlubu, Guangdong, Qing Empire
Died	18 November 1864 (aged 14); Nanchang, Jiangxi, Qing Empire
Spouse	Wang; Wang; Hou; Zhang;
Names
Names
	Hong Tianguifu 洪貴福
Era name and dates
	太平囯: 6 June 1864 – 18 November 1864
House	Hong
Father	Hong Xiuquan
Mother	Lai Lianying (賴蓮英)

Hong Tianguifu (23 November 1849 – 18 November 1864) was the second and last king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. He is popularly referred to as the Junior Lord (幼主). Officially, like his father Hong Xiuquan, he was the King of Heaven (天王). To differentiate, he is also called the Junior King of Heaven (幼天王).^[2]

History

Hong was born in Guanlubu [zh] village in Hua County (present-day Huadu District), Guangdong.^[3] Initially given the first name Tiangui (天貴; "Heaven's Precious"), his father added an additional character (福; "happiness/"blessing") around 1860, making his name unusual, as Chinese given names typically have only one or two characters. The name change came amid Hong Xiuquan's increased focus on mysticism and belief that Hong was fit to replace him as "worldly leader". In the kingdom's hierarchy, Hong was referred to as "The Young Monarch of 10,000 years", mirroring his father's title "Heavenly King, Lord of 10,000 years".^[4]

Hong succeeded his father on 2 June 1864, a day after his death, at age fourteen. He was not respected like his father by the kingdom's princes and was spoken of poorly. In Li Xiucheng's autobiography, written shortly before Li's execution, Hong was described as "inexperienced", "spoiled" and "incapable".^[5] Hong also never rode a horse, which was essential for leaders and commanders in wars.^{[citation needed]}

On 19 July 1864, six weeks after Hong's coronation, the Qing government captured Tianjing, the capital of the Taiping rebels. Aided by Li Xiucheng, Hong escaped to Dongba [zh], Jiangsu, disguised in Qing Army uniforms. Hong's two younger brothers were killed during the clashes. They rendezvoused with his uncle Hong Rengan and first went to Guangde County, Anhui, before heading to the town of Huzhou, Zhejiang on 13 August 1864, where they rendezvoused with the local Taiping Army commander Huang Wenjin (黃文金). The Qing government sent Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang to attack the town. The Taiping Army commander in charge of defending the southern gate of the town, Chen Xueming (陳學明), surrendered on 26 August 1864. Hong Tianguifu, Hong Rengan and Huang Wenjin were forced to flee from the town next day, under the cover of night. Huang Wenjin soon died of his wounds. The rest of the survivors attempted to escape to the border region of Jiangxi and Fujian to join the remnant Taiping forces led by Li Shixian. However, on 9 October 1864, they were ambushed by the Qing army at Shicheng. Hong Tianguifu escaped to the mountains near Shicheng after his token force was wiped out, but he was caught on 25 October 1864 by Qing soldiers searching for him. Hong Rengan was captured and subsequently executed on 23 November 1864 at Nanchang, Jiangxi.^{[citation needed]}

While being escorted by guards, Hong Tianguifu had a conversation with a Qing army soldier named Tang Jiatong. Hong first talked about his relationship with his father and others. He said, "The old affairs^[a] of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom were done by my father and Hong Renxuan, he sat on the throne. What did it have to do with me? Even after ascending the throne, I did nothing that is unfavorable to the Qing dynasty. The ones who resisted the Qing Empire were Prince Gan,^[b] Prince Zhong^[c] and the other [princes]." (Chinese: 太平天国的那些旧事全是我父亲和洪仁轩干的，坐江山的也是他，跟我有什么关系，即使我在登基之后，也没有做出任何对清朝不利的事情，那些反抗清朝的事都是干王、忠王等人做的。) After the second day of writing a poem praising the Qing dynasty, he was executed by slow slicing on 18 November 1864 at the age of 14.^[6]^[7]

A glimpse of Hong Tianguifu's character can be seen by his remarks before his execution: "Guangdong is not a nice place, I do not want to go back in. I just want to study with Old Master Tang in Hunan, and I want to be a good scholar" (廣東地方不好，我也不愿回去了，我衹愿跟唐老爺到湖南讀書，想進秀才). This apparently innocent, pointless, and irrelevant comment was considered by some^[who?] as a desperate and futile attempt to avoid death by confusing the executioner of his identity.^{[clarification needed]} It may also have reflected his lack of understanding of what was happening to him and his lost kingdom.^[2]

Despite his short reign as king, he was still issued an official seal made of jade (玉璽; yù xǐ), which is exhibited in the Hong Kong Museum of History.^[8]

Bibliography

Mark Juergensmeyer & Wade Clark Roof, Taiping Rebellion, in Encyclopedia of Global Religion, Volume 1, SAGE, 2012, pp. 1257.
Nick Shepley, Sun Yat Sen and the birth of modern China: 20th Century China: Volume One, AUK Academic, 2013.
James Z. Gao, Taiping Rebellion, in Historical Dictionary of Modern China (1800–1949), Scarecrow Press, 209, pp. 350–352.

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Note that the character uses the traditional printed form of 天 with a longer upper stroke. This is similar to the Japanese ten 天, but Unicode does not offer support as separate character, instead only displaying the Japanese version when Chinese functionality is disabled.

^ Referring to the rebellion and similar transgressions against the Qing dynasty
^ Referring to Hong Rengang, whose title was Prince/King Gan (忠王)
^ Referring to Li Xiucheng, whose title was Prince/King Zhong (忠王)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "洪天贵福亲书自述、诗句" (PDF). jds.cssn.cn (in Chinese). 1 September 1997.
^ ^a ^b "思想文化". History China. 7 February 2005.
^ "洪天贵福亲书自述" (PDF) (in Chinese). 1 September 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 December 2021.
^ Buehler, Lester K. "A Study of the Taiping Rebellion". University of Mississippi.
^ Zhong Prince Li Xiucheng Describes Himself (《忠王李秀成自述》),
^ "洪秀全的儿子洪天贵福，在被清军抓捕之后表现如何？_唐家桐". Sohu.
^ Introvigne, Massimo (2 October 2021). "The Taiping Mystery. 4. Nanjing's Heavenly Kingdom". Bitter Winter.
^ "天国印玺知多少". Time Weekly. 29 April 2010.

Regnal titles
Preceded by Hong Xiuquan	Heavenly King of Taiping 1864	Succeeded by Position abolished

[characters-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Note that the character uses the traditional printed form of 天 with a longer upper stroke. This is similar to the Japanese ten 天, but Unicode does not offer support as separate character, instead only displaying the Japanese version when Chinese functionality is disabled.

[7] Referring to the rebellion and similar transgressions against the Qing dynasty

[8] Referring to Hong Rengang, whose title was Prince/King Gan (忠王)

[9] Referring to Li Xiucheng, whose title was Prince/King Zhong (忠王)

[zishu-2] "洪天贵福亲书自述、诗句" (PDF). jds.cssn.cn (in Chinese). 1 September 1997.

[:0-3] "思想文化". History China. 7 February 2005.

[4] "洪天贵福亲书自述" (PDF) (in Chinese). 1 September 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 December 2021.

[5] Buehler, Lester K. "A Study of the Taiping Rebellion". University of Mississippi.

[6] Zhong Prince Li Xiucheng Describes Himself (《忠王李秀成自述》),

[10] "洪秀全的儿子洪天贵福，在被清军抓捕之后表现如何？_唐家桐". Sohu.

[11] Introvigne, Massimo (2 October 2021). "The Taiping Mystery. 4. Nanjing's Heavenly Kingdom". Bitter Winter.

[12] "天国印玺知多少". Time Weekly. 29 April 2010.

[note 1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[a]

[b]

[c]

[6]

[7]

[8]

PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Hong Tianguifu

History

Bibliography

Notes

References

Read other articles:

List of France women's international footballers

Audition (film 1999)

Katedral Santa Maria, Tallinn

Katedral Guayaquil

Julius Tahija

مجد ودموع (فيلم)

Tex Clevenger

أييا باراسكيفي (سيرري)

Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents

لعبة فيديو رياضية

Fire Force

Toxiferine

コルク

Peter Pan

Wärtsilä

Arméniaques

Santa Fara

2020年夏季奧林匹克運動會波蘭代表團

Daging sapi

1248 هـ