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hitchBOT
	hitchBOT displayed at an exhibition
Inventor	David Harris Smith; Frauke Zeller;
Year of creation	2013
Type	Humanoid robot
Purpose	Study social interaction with humans

hitchBOT was a Canadian hitchhiking robot created by professors David Harris Smith of McMaster University and Frauke Zeller of Toronto Metropolitan University in 2013.^[1]^[2]^[3] It gained international attention for successfully hitchhiking across Canada, Germany and the Netherlands, but in 2015 its attempt to hitchhike across the United States ended when it was stripped, dismembered, and decapitated in Philadelphia.^[4]

Description

Smith, who had hitchhiked across Canada three times, and Zeller had "designed the robot to learn about how people interact with technology and ask the question, 'Can robots trust human beings?'"^[4] The robot was not able to walk – it completed its "hitchhiking" journeys by "asking" to be carried by those who picked it up. The robot exhibited the capability to engage in basic conversations, discuss facts, and function as a robotic companion during travels in the vehicle of the driver who picked it up. As part of a social experiment, it was equipped with social media accounts on platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.^[5]

The robot had a cylindrical body composed mainly of a plastic bucket, with two flexible "arms" and two flexible "legs" attached to the torso. The top section of the body was transparent, containing a screen which displayed eyes and a mouth, making the robot approximately humanoid in external appearance.^[4] It was small and had a look the team described as "yard-sale chic", to evoke trust and empathy, and had a child's car seat base to be easily and safely transportable.^[5] It was powered either by solar power or by automobile cigarette lighters.^[4] It had a GPS device and a 3G connection, which allowed researchers to track its location. It was equipped with a camera, which took photographs periodically to document its journeys.^{[citation needed]}

Travels

The robot's "hitchhiking" was reported by the press in many countries.^[4] From July 27, 2014 to August 21, 2014, it hitchhiked across Canada from the Institute for Applied Creativity at NSCAD University^[6] Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Victoria, British Columbia.^[7]^[8] At a First Nations powwow, it was given a name translating as "Iron Woman".^[5] The robot was so popular that its GPS had to be disabled sometimes to prevent crowds bothering those who took it into their homes.^[5]

A second hitchBOT machine was made,^[9] and in February 2015 it hitchhiked around Germany for ten days.^[10] For three weeks in June 2015, it hitched around the Netherlands.^[11]

HitchBOT then attempted to cross the United States from Boston to San Francisco starting on July 17, 2015. After two weeks, on August 1, 2015, a photo was tweeted,^[12] showing that the robot had been stripped "beyond repair" and decapitated in Philadelphia.^[13] The robot was located by some people who had been following its progress on its website.^[13] The head was never found.^[5] Frauke Zeller, co-creator of hitchBOT, was quoted as saying: "We can see on all our data that the tablet and battery and everything shut off at the same time so it must have been when they vandalised the bot."^[13]

Legacy

HitchBOT's story highlighted the issues of autonomous technology, the ethics of robot treatment, and the anthropomorphism of animate-like devices.^[5] The first hitchBOT became a permanent exhibit at the Canada Science and Technology Museum.^[9] The second damaged robot was rebuilt and is currently housed at the Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum in Paderborn, Germany.^[14]

Smith and Zeller recreated their invention as hitchBOT 2.0 in 2019.^[5] The robot was sent to Paris, France, where it was touring about and appearing in a play, Killing Robots, written by Linda Blanchet.^[15] That tour was put on hold indefinitely due to COVID-19.^[16]

Similar robots

A similar hitch-hiking robot, known as TweenBOT, travelled in the later 2000s. Its purpose was also to study the interaction of humans with itself.^[17]

Zeller has also created an art critic robot called kulturBOT.^[18]