Hermann Castle

Hermann Castle
Hermanni linnus
Narva, Estonia
Hermann Castle is located in Estonia
Hermann Castle
Hermann Castle
Coordinates59°22′33″N 28°12′07″E / 59.37583°N 28.20194°E / 59.37583; 28.20194
TypeOrder Castle
Site history
Built1256 (1256)
Built byKingdom of Denmark

Hermann Castle[a], also known as the Narva castle or Narva fortress, is a medieval castle in the city of Narva, in northeastern Estonia. The castle was established around 1256, when the area was part of the Danish Realm. The first entirely stone fortifications were built in the beginning of the 14th century. The Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order purchased the castle in August 1346, and owned it for much of its later history.

Medieval fortifications

Hermann Castle interior
Night view of Narva Castle

The Kingdom of Denmark, having conquered northern Estonia in the 13th century, established a border stronghold, initially built of wood, at the intersection of the Narva river and an old road in the mid-13th century.[1] Under the protection of the stronghold, which is first mentioned in writing in 1256,[2] the earlier settlement developed into the town of Narva, which obtained the Lübeck town rights in the first half of the 14th century.[3]

Following several conflicts with the neighbouring East Slavic states of Novgorod and Pskov, the Danish rulers started building a stone stronghold at the beginning of the 14th century as a border defense. It was initially a small castellum-like building with 40-meter-tall (130 ft) sides and a tower, the predecessor of today's Hermann Tower, at its northwestern corner.

At the beginning of the 14th century, a small forecourt was established at the north side of the stronghold and, in the middle of the century, a large forecourt was added to the west side, where citizens were allowed to hide in case of war, as the town of Narva was not surrounded by a wall during Danish rule.

In 1346, King Valdemar IV of Denmark sold northern Estonia, including Narva, to the Livonian Order,[1] who rebuilt the building into a convent building according to their needs. The stronghold has for the most part preserved the original ground plan, with its massive wings and a courtyard in the middle.

The Hermann Tower was also completed by the Livonian Order, necessitated by the establishment of the Ivangorod fortress by Muscovite Russia on the opposite side of the Narva river in 1492.[2] The Order surrounded the town with a fortified wall, which has not been preserved (it was ordered to be demolished in 1777).

The wall is described as having had four gates: the "Viru gate" in the west, the "Herd gate" in the north, the "Old gate" leading to the river port in the east, and the "Water gate" (or "Small gate") in the south. The gates were covered with iron plates and preceded by drawbridges. The town wall, with a length of roughly a kilometer, was fortified with at least seven towers, and was surrounded by a moat.

Towards the end of the rule of the Livonian Order in the 16th century, the town wall was supplemented, the gates were strengthened by adding foregates, and several wall towers were adapted to use as special cannon towers or rondels, two of which can be seen today in their reconstructed shape in the corners of the castle's western court.[4]

A view from the south towards the Hermann Castle (Estonia, on the left, west) and the opposite Ivangorod Fortress (Russia, to the right, east) opposite, with the Narva river in between

See also


Notes

  1. ^ Estonian: Hermanni linnus, German: Hermannsfeste, Russian: Замок Герман

References

  1. ^ a b Lundén, Thomas (10 September 2018). Garrard, John; Mikhailova, Ekaterina (eds.). "Border twin cities in the Baltic Area: Anomalies or nexuses of mutual benefit?". Twin Cities: Urban Communities, Borders and Relationships over Time. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315104638-18.
  2. ^ a b Mattisen, Edgar (1996). Searching for a dignified compromise: the Estonian-Russian border, 1,000 years. Tallinn, Estonia: Pub. House ILO. pp. 19–20. ISBN 9789985571149.
  3. ^ "Cultural Relations – Copenhagen". copenhagen.mfa.ee. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
  4. ^ Kjaergaard, Thorkild, ed. (1994). Castles around the Baltic Sea. Malbork: Castle Museum in Malbork. pp. 57–64. ISBN 9788386206032.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Narva Castle.

Read other articles:

Elaine Thompson-Herah

Elaine Thompson-HerahInformasi pribadiLahir28 Juni 1992 (umur 31)Manchester, Jamaica[1]Tinggi1,68 m (5 ft 6 in)Berat56 kg (123 pon) (123 pon)[1]Situs web@FastElaine OlahragaNegaraJamaikaOlahragaTrek dan lapanganLomba60m, 100m, 200mTim KampusUniversity of Technology, JamaicaKlubNew Era Track Club (2022–saat ini), MVP Track Club (2012–2021)Dilatih olehShanike Osbourne (2023-saat ini)Derron Herah (2021–2023)Stephen Francis (2012–2021)[2&#...

 

Get It Up (Aerosmith song)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Get It Up Aerosmith song – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Song by Aerosmith Get It UpSingle by Aerosmithfrom the album Draw the Line B-sideMilk Cow BluesReleasedApril 6, 1978Reco...

 

The Deposition (Rubens)

The DepositionArtistPeter Paul RubensYear1602MediumOil on canvasDimensions180 cm × 137 cm (71 in × 54 in)LocationGalleria Borghese, Rome The Deposition is a 1602 painting of the Deposition of Christ by Peter Paul Rubens, previously attributed to Van Dyck. It is not to be confused with Rubens' much larger and more famous Descent from the Cross in Antwerp Cathedral. The work is an oil painting on canvas and is now in the Galleria Borghese. External li...

Soto Kudus

Soto KudusSoto Kudus disajikan bersama nasi putihTempat asalIndonesiaDaerahKudus, Jawa TengahBahan utamaDaging ayam atau sapitaogeSunting kotak info • L • BBantuan penggunaan templat ini  Media: Soto Kudus Soto Kudus (Hanacaraka: ꦱꦺꦴꦠꦺꦴ​ꦏꦸꦢꦸꦱ꧀) adalah soto yang berasal dari Kudus, Jawa Tengah . Soto kudus, hampir mirip dengan soto Lamongan, soto kudus berisi suwiran ayam dan taoge.[1] Terkadang soto kudus juga menggunakan daging kerbau....

 

Bioskop

Bioskop atau pawagam[1] (Belanda: bioscoopcode: nl is deprecated ) adalah tempat untuk menonton pertunjukan film dengan menggunakan layar lebar. Gambar film diproyeksikan ke layar menggunakan proyektor. Bioskop Di Padang Kata bioskop berasal dari bahasa belanda bioscoop yang berakar dari bahasa Yunani; βιος (bios) yang artinya hidup dan σκοπος (skopos) yang artinya melihat. Padanan kata dari bioskop yaitu gambar hidup.[2] Bioskop di Indonesia Bioskop, Medan (ca. 1920...

 

Pengkhotbah 10

Pengkhotbah 10Lima Gulungan (Megilloth) lengkap pada Kodeks Leningrad (1008 Masehi), dengan urutan: Rut, Kidung Agung, Pengkhotbah, Ratapan dan Ester.KitabKitab PengkhotbahKategoriKetuvimBagian Alkitab KristenPerjanjian LamaUrutan dalamKitab Kristen21← pasal 9 pasal 11 → Pengkhotbah 10 (disingkat Pkh 10) adalah pasal kesepuluh Kitab Pengkhotbah dalam Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen. Secara tradisional diyakini digubah oleh raja Salomo, putra raja Daud.[1&...

Windows NT 3.1

First major release of Windows NT, released in 1993 This article is about the major release of Windows NT. For the consumer operating system, see Windows 3.1. Windows NT 3.1Version of the Windows NT operating systemScreenshot of Windows NT 3.1DeveloperMicrosoftOS familyMicrosoft WindowsSource modelClosed-sourceReleased tomanufacturingJuly 27, 1993; 30 years ago (1993-07-27)[1]Latest releaseService Pack 3 (3.1.528) / October 29, 1994; 29 years ago (1...

 

Sincerely Louis CK

2020 stand-up comedy film Sincerely Louis C.K.Directed byLouis C.K.Written byLouis C.K.Produced byRon AllchinLouis C.K.Lea CohenAnthony GiordanoBrady NasfellStarringLouis C.K.CinematographyPaul KoestnerEdited byLouis C.K.Distributed byLouis C.K.Release date April 4, 2020 (2020-04-04) Running time60 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglish Sincerely Louis C.K. is a stand-up comedy film by American comedian Louis C.K. released on 4 April 2020.[1] Filmed in 2020 in Washi...

 

Синелобый амазон

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

Parsyah

Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang bagian pembacaan di seluruh Tanakh. Untuk bacaan mingguan (Parashat HaShavua), lihat Bacaan Taurat Mingguan. Sebuah halaman dari Kodeks Aleppo yang memuat Ulangan 32:50-33:29. Pemisahan parsyah pada halaman ini adalah: {P} 33:1-6 (kolom kanan, baris kosong, baris ke-8 dari atas) {S} 33:7 (kolom kanan, baris berindentasi, baris ke-23) {P} 33:8-11 (kolom kanan, baris kosong, baris ke-2 dari bawah) {S} 33:12 (kolom tengah, indentasi pertama) {S} 33:13-17 (kolom...

 

Macédoine du Pirin

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Macédoine et Macédoine orientale. Cet article est une ébauche concernant la Bulgarie et la géographie. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Carte de l'oblast de Blagoevgrad La Macédoine du Pirin ou Macédoine orientale ou Macédoine bulgare est une partie de la région géographique de Macédoine située autour du massif montagneux du Pirin et à l'est de la mont...

 

Juana Enríquez

Juana EnríquezRatu Aragon, Mallorca, Valencia, Navarra dan Sisilia; Comtesse BarcelonaPermaisuri AragonPeriode7 Juni 1458 – 13 Februari 1468Informasi pribadiKelahiran1425TorrelobatónKematian13 Februari 1468 – 1425; umur -44–-43 tahunTarragonaPemakamanBiara PobletWangsaEnríquezAyahFadrique Enríquez de MendozaIbuMariana Fernández de CórdobaPasanganJuan II dari AragónAnakFerrando II d'AragónJuana, Ratu NapoliAgamaKatolik Roma Juana Enriquez de Cordoba, Lady ke-5 Casarr...

طواف إيطاليا للسيدات 2016

طواف إيطاليا للسيدات 2016 تفاصيل السباقسلسلة27. طواف إيطاليا للسيداتمنافسةطواف العالم للدراجات للسيدات 2016 2.WWT‏مراحل10التواريخ01 – 10 يوليو 2016المسافات857٫7 كمالبلد إيطاليانقطة البدايةGaiarine [الإنجليزية]‏نقطة النهايةفربانياالفرق23عدد المتسابقين في البداية137عدد المتسابق...

 

Naheed Nenshi

Naheed Nenshi Wali kota Calgary ke-36PetahanaMulai menjabat 25 Oktober 2010PendahuluDave BronconnierPenggantiPetahana Informasi pribadiLahir2 Februari 1972 (umur 52)Toronto, Ontario[1]Alma materUniversitas CalgaryUniversitas HarvardProfesiAssociate professorSunting kotak info • L • B Naheed Kurban Nenshi (lahir 2 Februari 1972) adalah politisi asal Kanada yang terpilih menggantikan Dave Bronconnier sebagai wali kota Calgary, Alberta. Referensi ^ Naheed Nenshi. C...

 

Killing of Charley Leundeu Keunang

Police killing of 43-year-old Cameroonian man Killing of Charley Leundeu KeunangScreenshot of the police pinning down Keunang seconds before the shootingDateMarch 1, 2015 (2015-03-01)LocationSouth San Pedro Street, Los Angeles, California, U.S.TypeShootingFilmed byBystander's cell phone cameraParticipantsFrancisco Martinez, Daniel Torres, and Chand Syed (LAPD officers)DeathsCharley Leundeu KeunangChargesNone filed The killing of Charley Leundeu Keunang, a 43-year-old Camerooni...

Wing Shuttle

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Wing Shuttle – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Wing ShuttleOverviewLocaleKansai International Airport, Osaka, JapanTransit typeAutomated guideway transitNumber of lines2Number of stations6...

 

Voltage-regulator tube

Schematic representation of a cold cathode voltage-regulator tube 5651 Regulator tube in operation A voltage-regulator tube (VR tube) is an electronic component used as a shunt regulator to hold a voltage constant at a predetermined level. Physically, these devices resemble vacuum tubes, but there are two main differences: Their glass envelopes are filled with a gas mixture, and They have a cold cathode; the cathode is not heated with a filament to emit electrons. Electrically, these devices ...

 

نمط الإنتاج الرأسمالي

جزء من سلسلة حولالماركسية مؤلفات نظرية المخطوطات الاقتصادية والفلسفية (1844) أطروحات حول فويرباخ الأيديولوجية الألمانية بيان الحزب الشيوعي برومير الثامن عشر للويس بونابرت غرندريسه مساهمة في نقد الاقتصاد السياسي رأس المال جدليات الطبيعة مفاهيم اشتراكية علمية حتمية اقتصاد...

京都タワー

2016年9月30日まで存在した京都タワー株式会社については「京阪ホテルズ&リゾーツ」をご覧ください。 ニデック京都タワーNidec Kyoto Tower 情報用途 展望塔設計者 山田守構造設計者 京都大学工学部建築学教室棚橋諒施工 大林組建築主 京都タワー株式会社構造形式 モノコック構造（応力外被構造）敷地面積 2,783 m²階数 285段高さ 131.0 m着工 1963年（昭和38年）竣工 ...

 

New Year's Smash (2022)

All Elite Wrestling two-part television special New Year's SmashPromotionAll Elite WrestlingDateDecember 28, 2022CityBroomfield, ColoradoVenue1stBank CenterAttendance4,229[1]Event chronology ← PreviousDecember 2021 Next → 2023 AEW Dynamite special episodes chronology ← PreviousHoliday Bash Next →Blood & Guts AEW Rampage special episodes chronology ← PreviousHoliday Bash Next →Royal Rampage The 2022 New Year's Smash was the third New Year's...