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The Haystack Prayer Meeting, held in Williamstown, Massachusetts, in August 1806, is viewed by many scholars as the seminal event for the development of American Protestant missions in the subsequent decades and century. Missions are still supported today by American churches.

Five Williams College students gathered in a field to discuss the spiritual welfare of the people of Asia. Within four years of that gathering, some of its members established the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM). In 1812 the ABCFM sent its first missionaries to India. During the 19th century, it sent missionaries to China, Hawaii, and other nations in southeast Asia, establishing hospitals and schools at its mission stations. Many of its missionaries undertook translation of the Bible into native languages. Thousands of missionaries were sent to Asia, and they taught numerous indigenous peoples.

Mission work has continued, with evolving purpose. In 1906, the ABCFM held a centennial commemoration. Groups considered to be spiritual heirs of the HPM include Global Ministries of the United Church of Christ and Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), InterVarsity Christian Fellowship, Student Volunteer Movement-2 (SVM-2), and Luke18 Project.^{[citation needed]} More celebrations were held in 2006, at bicentennial events.^[1]

History

In the summer of 1806, Williams College students Samuel Mills, James Richards, Francis LeBaron Robbins, Harvey Loomis, and Byram Green met in a grove of trees near the Hoosic River, in what was then known as Sloan's Meadow. They discussed the theology of missionary service. Their meeting was interrupted by a thunderstorm and the students took shelter under a haystack until the sky cleared. "The brevity of the shower, the strangeness of the place of refuge, and the peculiarity of their topic of prayer and conference all took hold of their imaginations and their memories."^[2]

In 1808 the Haystack Prayer group and other Williams students began a group called "The Brethren." This group was organized to "effect, in the persons of its members, a mission to" those who were not Christians. In 1812, the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (created in 1810) sent its first missionaries to the non-Christian world, to India.^[3]

In addition, the ABCFM founded a school, the Foreign Mission School, in Cornwall, Connecticut, which opened in 1817. It educated a total of 100 students, drawn from the Hawaiian islands, India and Southeast Asia, and Native American tribes.

Samuel Mills was most influential among the Haystack group to direct the modern mission movement. He played a role in the founding of the American Bible Society and the United Foreign Missionary Society.

The 1806 meeting was the first documented by Americans to begin foreign missionary work. In addition, this meeting is considered to have resulted in formation of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. The ABCFM gave students an opportunity to go abroad and evangelize Christianity.

In its first fifty years, the ABCFM sent out more than 1250 missionaries. Most were from the smaller towns and farm villages of New England. Few were affluent, but most were trained in colleges where they had received a classical education, which included Hebrew, Latin, and Greek. When they reached the mission field, they worked to translate the Bible into new languages, some yet without a system of writing. They built educational systems in their lands of ministry. They were sometimes called upon to advise foreign governments.

Missionary reports were printed in the Missionary Herald, the magazine of the American Board established in 1821. For many Christians in America, the Missionary Herald was their window to the world. Descriptions of native customs, history, economic activities, and geographical features were included, along with accounts of the influence of the Gospel on these far-off lands. In the years before radio, movies, TV, or rapid communications, such missionary reports became primary sources for many Americans of information about foreign lands.

The ABCFM founded schools and hospitals in all the mission fields. Increasingly, its missionaries trained native leaders to continue the work of the ministry.

In 1961 the American Board merged to form the United Church Board for World Missions (UCBWM). After 150 years, the American Board had sent out nearly 5000 missionaries to 34 different fields.

In 2000, the UCBWM evolved into Wider Church Ministries of the United Church of Christ. It continues to be involved in mission around the world, in partnership with the Division of Overseas Ministries of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).^[1]

Legacy and honors

After the American Civil War, Byram Green organized commissioning a monument to honor the five men who founded the movement; it was erected in 1867 in Mission Park in Williamstown, Massachusetts.
In 1906 a centennial gathering took place in Mission Park at Williams College in celebration of the earlier prayer meeting.
In the summer of 2006, contemporary missioners celebrated the 200th anniversary of the Haystack prayer meeting.

Mission timeline

1806

Original Haystack Prayer Meeting at Sloan's Meadow by five Williams College students in Williamstown, Massachusetts.

1808

Samuel Mills forms the Brethren, dedicated to spreading the message about missionary service

1810

America's first foreign mission society, the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) is formed by Congregationalists in Massachusetts

1812

ABCFM sends its first group of five missionaries to India (Adoniram Judson, Luther Rice, Samuel Newell, Samuel Nott, and Gordon Hall)

1819

ABCFM sends first missionaries to Near East, including Turkey and Palestine; ABCFM sends first missionaries to Hawaii (Sandwich Islands)

1821

The Missionary Herald, ABCFM's magazine of missionary reports, is established

1830

ABCFM sends first missionaries to China, including Elijah Coleman Bridgman

1833

ABCFM sends first missionaries to Africa

1854

Byram Green returns to Williamstown. He told of the original meeting and pointed out the site of the haystack. Consequently, Sloan's Meadow was purchased by Williams College and renamed Mission Park.

1856

Semi-centennial of the Haystack Meeting is celebrated

1867

Marble monument is erected and dedicated on the site of the original meeting

1868

Woman's Boards of Missions established

1906

Centennial anniversary of the Haystack Meeting is celebrated in Williamstown

1931

Merger of Congregational and Christian churches, forming Congregational Christian Church, with the ABCFM

1934

Merger of the Evangelical Synod of North America and Reformed Church in the United States, forming the Evangelical and Reformed Church, with its Board of International Missions

1956

157th Annual Meeting of the ABCFM and Sesquicentennial of the Haystack Meeting celebrated in Williamstown

1957

United Church of Christ established by the merger of the Congregational Christian Church and the Evangelical and Reformed Church

1961

ABCFM merges with Board of International Missions to form the United Church Board for World Ministries (UCBWM)

1981

175th Anniversary of the Haystack Meeting celebrated in Williamstown

1995

Global Ministries is established as a partnership between the UCBWM of the United Church of Christ (UCC) and the Division of Overseas Ministries (DOM) of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)

2000

UCBWM becomes Wider Church Ministries, one of four UCC-covenanted ministries. Wider Church Ministries remains in partnership with DOM through Global Ministries

2006

200th anniversary celebration of the Haystack event in Williamstown

References

^ ^a ^b Showalter, Douglas. "Into All the World: the Story of Haystack". Williams College Chaplains’ Office. Retrieved 2020-07-24.
^ Arthur Latham Perry. Williamstown and Williams College. p. 359
^ Mission Park: America's First Protestant Missionaries