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Hayden Lockhart
Hayden Lockhart
	Lockhart in 1973
Born	June 16, 1938 (age 86); Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
Allegiance	United States
Service / branch	United States Air Force
Years of service	1961–1981
Rank	Lieutenant Colonel
Unit	613th Tactical Fighter Squadron
Battles / wars	Vietnam War
Awards	Silver Star; Legion of Merit; Distinguished Flying Cross; Bronze Star Medal (2)

Hayden James Lockhart (born June 16, 1938) is a retired United States Air Force officer who is best known for being the first U.S. Air Force pilot to be shot down in North Vietnam.^[1]

Early life

Lockhart was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and graduated in 1961 from the United States Air Force Academy at Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Military career

Early career

Lockhart was originally stationed at Luke Air Force Base, where he attended Fighter Gunnery School.^{[citation needed]}

Lockhart was commissioned a second lieutenant on June 7, 1961. He was assigned to the 613th Tactical Fighter Squadron, flying the North American F-100 Super Sabre. He arrived in Vietnam in 1964.^[2] ^: 96

Vietnam shoot down

Lockhart was shot down March 2, 1965, when he was forced to eject over North Vietnam.^[3] After his ejection he evaded capture until March 12, 1965.

“…By summer 1965, more than thirty American airmen had been killed or were presumed missing in action and a dozen had been captured, including the first Air Force POW, Lieutenant Hayden Lockhart. The Navy pilots in this group included Lieutenant Commanders Robert H Shumaker, Raymond Vohden and Lieutenants Phillip Butler and John McKamey…"^[4]^[3]

Prisoner of War in North Vietnam: 1965 to 1973

Hayden was the third American captured in North Vietnam, and the first Air Force pilot captured in the North during the Vietnam War.^[5]^[3]

Lockhart spent his time in captivity at several prisoner of war (POW) locations: New Guy Village 1965; Heartbreak Hotel 1965; The Briarpatch in August 1965; Zoo 1966;^[6] Zoo Annex 1967; Camp Unity at Hỏa Lò Prison (also known as the Hanoi Hilton);^[7] Dogpatch (9 miles south of the Chinese border) May 1972; and Hỏa Lò prison again in January 1973.

On July 6, 1966, 52 US prisoners of war were taken on the March of Hanoi.^[8]^[1] The prisoners were paraded, handcuffed in pairs,^[9] and marched down the main street of Hanoi while angry crowds of people screamed, spat and threw objects at them.^[1]^[10] A photograph,^[11] (published in Look magazine in 1970) showed Lockhart supporting fellow prisoner of war, Phil Butler, who was dazed after being struck by a thrown bottle.^[12]

The prisoners supported each other and communicated using a tap code that Lockhart's fellow POW, Carlyle "Smitty" Harris, had learned in a survival school.^[12]^[13] He was released during "Operation Homecoming" on February 12, 1973.^[3]

After release

Lockhart received an Air Force Institute of Technology assignment to the University of Southern California at Los Angeles to complete his graduate degree.^{[citation needed]}

After Vietnam

Lockheart's final assignment was on the staff of the Air Force Inspection and Safety Center at Norton AFB, California, from February 1980 until his retirement from the Air Force on December 31, 1981.^{[citation needed]}

Lockhart retired as a lieutenant colonel in 1981.

Honors and awards

Hayden Lockhart Awards and honors

Silver Star

Prisoner of War Medal

Lockhart received the Silver Star, Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross and Prisoner of War Medal, all after his service in the Vietnam War.

Bibliography

Alvarez, Everett and Schreiner, Samuel. Code of Conduct: An Inspirational story of self-healing by the famed ex-pow and war hero, (1991) Donald L Fine, publisher New York. ISBN 1556113102
Borling, John: Taps on the Walls: Poems from the Hanoi Hilton, Master Wing Publishing, Pritzker Military Museum and Library 2013 first published as Poems for Pilots (and other people.) ISBN 978-0-615-65905-3
Head, William and Grinter Lawrence E; Looking Back on the Vietnam War: A 1990's Perspective on the Decisions, Combat, and Legacies. 1993 Greenwood Press, Westport Connecticut ISBN 0-313-28869-0
Wyatt, Captain and Mrs. Frederick A. Wyatt. We Came Home (1977) POW publications; Toluca Lake CA.
Coffee, Gerald. Beyond Survival: Building on the Hard Times- a POW's inspiring story. (1990) GP Putnam's Sons New York ISBN 0399134166

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Powell, Stewart (August 1999). "Honor Bound". Air Force Magazine: 92–100. Archived from the original on 2019-04-28. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
^ Rochester, Stuart I., 1945– (1999). Honor bound : American prisoners of war in Southeast Asia, 1961–1973. Kiley, Frederick T. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1557506949. OCLC 39706922.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hubbell, John G (1976). POW : A Definitive History of the American Prisoner- of- War Experience in Vietnam, 1964–1973. New York: Reader's Digest Press. pp. 40–41, 95, 191–192, 599. ISBN 0883490919.
^ Rochester, Stuart I. (1998). Honor Bound: Prisoners of War in Southeast Asia, 1961 -1973. US Naval Institute Press: Naval Institute Press. pp. 40, 598. ISBN 1557506949.
^ Combat Area Casualties Data Base, Military personnel who were prisoners of war (April 28, 2019). "National Archives and Records Administration". Archived from the original on July 25, 2007.
^ Stockdale, Jim; Stockdale, Sybil (1984). In Love and War: the story of a family's ordeal and sacrifice during the Vietnam War. New York, New York: Harper and Row. pp. 157–160. ISBN 9780060153182.
^ Return with honor, Hanks, Tom., Mock, Freida Lee., Sanders, Terry., Wiser, Christine Zurbach., American Film Foundation., Sanders & Mock Productions., PBS, 2001, ISBN 0780634292, OCLC 48583518, retrieved 2019-06-19{{citation}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^ Rochester, Stuart I, The Battle Behind the Bars: Navy and Marine POW's in the Vietnam War: 2010, Naval Historical Foundation www.history.navy.mil /
^ Coffee, Gerald (1990). Beyond Survival: Building on the Hard Times- A POW's inspiring story. New York: GP Putnam's. pp. 143–166. ISBN 0399134166.
^ Stockstill, Lewis R (October 1969). "A Special Report on POW's: The forgotten Americans of the Vietnam War". Air Force and Space Digest: The Magazine of Aerospace Power.
^ Atwood, William A (May 5, 1970). "editorial: What about the POW's?". Look. 34. Cowles Communication Inc.: 68.
^ ^a ^b Fretwell, Peter. (2013). Lessons from the Hanoi Hilton : Six Characteristics of High Performance teams. Kiland, Taylor Baldwin, 1966–, London, J. Phillip, 1937–. Annapolis, Maryland. ISBN 9781612512174. OCLC 813910294.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Borling, John (2013). Taps on the Walls: Poems from the Hanoi Hilton. Pritzker Military Library: Master Wings Publishing. pp. 1–8. ISBN 978-0-615-65905-3.