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Haul trucks are off-road, heavy-duty dump trucks specifically engineered for use in high-production mining and exceptionally demanding construction environments. Most are dual axle; at least two examples of tri-axles were made in the 1970s. Haul trucks are denominated by their payload capacity, by weight (variously in tons, tonnes, and kg).

Description

A medium sized haul truck, the 214-short-ton (194 t; 191-long-ton) Caterpillar 789^[1]

Most haul trucks have a two-axle design, but two well-known models from the 1970s, the 350T Terex Titan and 235T WABCO 3200/B, had three axles. ^[2] Haul truck capacities range from 40 short tons (36.3 t; 35.7 long tons) to nearly 500 short tons (454 t; 446 long tons).

An example on the smaller end is the Caterpillar 775 (rated at 70 short tons [62 long tons]).^[3] Quarry operations (which produce payloads that have value) are typically employ smaller trucks^[why?] than mining operations (such as removing undesirable overburden, an expense).^{[citation needed]}

Haul trucks can generally be distinguished from standard dump trucks by:

Being far too large to travel legally on public roads
Having a dump body made of exceptionally strong steel plate that extends over the cab to protect it, angled upright at its end (or entirely) to aid in dumping; some are heated by exhaust gases to prevent loads from sticking or freezing to the bed;
Having a driver's cab narrower than its body;
No axle suspension;
Limited speed and operating range;
Special off-road only tires;
A ratio of dead weight to payload not exceeding 1:1.6^{[citation needed]}

Most large haul trucks use some form of traction motors coupled to regenerative brakings for power, braking, or both.

Haul trucks are classified by:

Type of unloading (dump or rear-eject);
Direction of discharge (side, rear);
Type of body (hopper, platform, sliding hopper, sliding platform).

Ultra class

The largest, highest-payload-capacity haul trucks are referred to as ultra class trucks. The ultra class includes all haul trucks with a payload capacity of 300 short tons (270 long tons) or greater.^[4] As of October 2013^[update], the BelAZ 75710 has the highest payload capacity, 450 metric tons (440 long tons; 500 short tons).^[5]

Notable examples

Ultra-Class Haul Trucks
model	manufacturer	first model	number built	capacity	propulsion type	notes
BelAZ 75710	BelAZ	2013		496 short tons (443 long tons)	diesel-electric	Employs 8 tires, on two axles, with all-wheel drive, and all-wheel steering.
Liebherr T 282B	Liebherr	2004		400 short tons (360 long tons)	diesel-electric
Bucyrus MT6300AC	Bucyrus International	2008		400 short tons (360 long tons)	diesel-electric	Firm was acquired by Caterpillar in 2010.
Caterpillar 797	Caterpillar	1997		360 short tons (320 long tons)	diesel-mechanical	The 797F model has an increased capacity of 400 short tons.
Komatsu 960E-1	Komatsu America Corp.	2008		360 short tons (320 long tons)	diesel-electric
Belaz 75600	BelAZ	2005		350 short tons (310 long tons)	diesel-electric
Terex 33-19 "Titan"	General Motors Diesel Division	1973	1	350 short tons (310 long tons)	diesel-electric	Prototype, only 1 built
Komatsu 930E	Komatsu America Corp.	1995	2,100	320 short tons (290 long tons)	diesel-electric	Number built as of September, 2018

Notes

^ Mining Trucks 789D, cat.com
^ Off-Highway Trucks from Caterpillar 2009.
^ "CATERPILLAR 775G OFF-HIGHWAY TRUCK". ConstructionEquipment.com. May 16, 2011. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
^ Orleman 2000, p. 15.
^ Rogan, Alexander (5 March 2013). "BelAZ to build 450-tonne dump truck in 2013". Archived from the original on 28 September 2013.

References

Orleman, Eric C. (2000-11-10). Johnson, Paul (ed.). Building Giant Earthmovers. Motorbooks Colortech. United States of America: MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-7603-0640-6. Retrieved 2010-03-02. The ultra-hauler class includes trucks with a capacity rating of 300 tons and above.
"Off-Highway Trucks from Caterpillar". Caterpillar Website. Caterpillar Inc. 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-09-24. Retrieved 2009-10-21. Developed specifically for high production mining and heavy-duty construction applications ...