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Harold Golombek
OBE
Harold Golombek; OBE
Country	England
Born	1 March 1911; Lambeth, London, England
Died	7 January 1995 (aged 83); Lambeth, London, England
Title	International Master (1950) ; Grandmaster (1985, honorary)

Harold "Harry" Golombek^[1]^[2] ^[3]^[4] OBE (1 March 1911 – 7 January 1995) was a British chess player, chess author, and wartime codebreaker.^[5]^[6] He was three times British chess champion, in 1947, 1949, and 1955 and finished second in 1948.

Biography

He was born in Lambeth to Polish-Jewish^[7] parents. He was the chess correspondent of the newspaper The Times from 1945 to 1985, after Stuart Milner-Barry. He was a FIDE official, and served as arbiter for several important events, including the Candidates' Tournament of 1959 in Yugoslavia, and the 1963 World Chess Championship match between Mikhail Botvinnik and Tigran Petrosian. He also edited the game collections of Capablanca and Réti, and was a respected author. He was editor of British Chess Magazine from 1938 to 1940, and its overseas editor in the 1960s and 1970s. Golombek also translated several chess books from Russian into English.

On the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, Golombek was in Buenos Aires, Argentina, competing in the Chess Olympiad for Britain alongside C. H. O'D. Alexander and Stuart Milner-Barry.^[8] They immediately returned to the UK, and were soon recruited into Bletchley Park, the wartime codebreaking centre. Golombek worked in Hut 8,^[9] the section responsible for solving German Naval Enigma, moving to another section in October/November 1942.^[10] After the war he lived at 35 Albion Crescent, Chalfont St Giles. He was unusual among public figures in replying with care to letters from unknown people, such as young schoolboys, from this address.

Golombek represented England nine times in the Chess Olympiad.^[11] He earned the title of International Master in 1950 and was awarded that of Honorary Grandmaster in 1985.^[12]^[13] He was the first British player to qualify for an Interzonal tournament.

Golombek studied philology at King's College London,^[14] having been a pupil at Wilson's Grammar School, Camberwell.^[13] He was appointed OBE in 1966, the first to be so honoured for services to chess.^[14]

Golombek died 7 January 1995.^[15]

Books

The World Chess Championship 1948, 1948, David McKay
World Chess Championship 1954, 1954, MacGibbon and Kee
Reti's Best Games of Chess, 1954, G. Bell & Sons, republished 1974, Dover
The Game of Chess, 3rd edition,1980, Penguin
The World Chess Championship 1957, 1957, MacGibbon and Kee
Instructions to Young Chess Players, 1958, Pitman ISBN 0-273-48550-4
Modern Opening Chess Strategy, 1959, Pitman
4th Candidates Tournament 1959: Bled, Zagreb, Belgrade (originally BCM Quarterly No.3), 1960, BCM
Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess, 1947, G. Bell and Sons
Fischer v Spassky: The World Chess Championship 1972, 1973, Barrie & Jenkins
Chess: A History, 1976, Putnam
Improve Your Chess, 1976, Pitman
The Best Games of C.H.O'D. Alexander (co-authored with William Hartston), 1976, Oxford University Press
Golombek's Encyclopedia of Chess (Golombek as editor-in-chief), 1977, Crown
Beginning Chess, 1981, Penguin ISBN 978-0140464122

References

^ Svavarsson, Svavar Guðni. "Vandræðabarnið Mecking". Timarit.is. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
^ "Birmingham Daily Post, 1 January 1952". Retrieved 15 October 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
^ "Evening Chronicle from Manchester, 26 April 1950". Newspapers.com. 26 April 1950. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
^ Amandi, Ionuţ. "Din istoria Revistei Române de șah, 1947-1950 (III)". Dilemaveche.ro. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
^ Hartston, William (10 January 1995). "Obituary: Harry Golombek". The Independent. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
^ Upton, John (7 January 2021). "Remembering GM Harry Golombek OBE (01-III-1911 07-I-1995)". British Chess News. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
^ Sugarman, Martin (2005). "Breaking the codes: Jewish personnel at Bletchley Park". Jewish Historical Studies. 40: 217. JSTOR 24027033.
^ Stuart Milner-Barry, "Hut 6: Early Days", p. 89 in F. H. Hinsley and Alan Stripp, eds. Codebreakers: The Inside Story of Bletchley Park, Oxford University Press, 1993
^ David Kahn, Seizing the Enigma, 1991, ISBN 0-395-42739-8, p. 139
^ Ralph Erskine, "Breaking German Naval Enigma", p. 186 in Action this Day, edited by Ralph Erskine and Michael Smith, 2001
^ Bartelski, Wojciech. "Men's Chess Olympiads: Harry Golombek". OlimpBase. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
^ Golombek himself always disputed that his Grandmaster title was 'honorary', insisting that it was belatedly bestowed for his playing achievements in the 1940s (see Hartston, William (10 January 1995). "Obituary: Harry Golombek". The Independent. Archived from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2019.).
^ ^a ^b Allport, D.H. & Friskney, N.J. "A Short History of Wilson's School", Wilson's School Charitable Trust, 1987
^ ^a ^b British Society for the History of Mathematics Gazetteer
^ "Harry Golombek, Chess Writer, 83". The New York Times. 19 January 1995.

External links

Harry Golombek FIDE rating history at OlimpBase.org
Harry Golombek chess games at 365Chess.com
Harry Golombek player profile and games at Chessgames.com
Translated Penguin Book – at Penguin First Editions reference site of early first edition Penguin Books.
"Harry Golombek (1911-95)" by Edward Winter