Harrisia martinii

Harrisia martinii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Genus: Harrisia
Species:
H. martinii
Binomial name
Harrisia martinii
(Labour.) Britton
Synonyms
  • Cereus martinii Labour. 1854
  • Echinopsis martinii (Labour.) Anceschi & Magli 2021
  • Eriocereus martinii (Labour.) Riccob. 1909
  • Cereus martinii var. perviridis Weing. 1914
  • Cereus monacanthus Cels ex K.Schum. 1897
  • Eriocereus perviridis (Weing.) Backeb. 1936
  • Harrisia perviridis (Weing.) Borg 1937
  • Pilocereus monacanthus Lawr. 1841

Harrisia martinii, commonly called the Martin applecactus, is a species of night-blooming, rope-like cacti native to South America.[2] With large showy flowers that attract the hawk moth, it is considered by some a useful landscape plant in areas that do not freeze.[3]

Description

Harrisia martinii grows richly branched with spreading, green to gray-green shoots that reach lengths of up to 2 meters or more with diameters of 2 to 2.5 centimeters. Young shoots are tapered to a point and have four to five edges. Older shoots are round. The single strong, yellowish central spine has a darker tip and is 2 to 3 centimeters long. The five to seven marginal spines are significantly shorter.

The flowers reach a length of up to 20 centimeters. Their pericarpel is covered with scales and brown wool. The more or less spherical, red fruits are tuberous and have scales and thorns.[4] The plant has edible red globular fruit.[2]

Distribution

Harrisia martinii is widespread in the Chaco vegetation in Paraguay and the Argentine provinces of Formosa, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Ríos and Santa Fe at elevations of 50–100 meters.[5] The species was first found in Brazil in 2007

Harrisia martinii is considered an exotic invasive in Australia,[2][6][7] South Africa,[8] and the U.S. state of Hawaii.

Taxonomy

The first description as Cereus martinii was made in 1854 by J. Labouret. The specific epithet martinii honors the French cactus lover Raymond Martin from Toulouse. Nathaniel Lord Britton placed the species in the genus Harrisia in 1917.[9] A nomenclature synonym is Eriocereus martinii (Labour.) Riccob. (1909).

References

  1. ^ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010-09-21. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
  2. ^ a b c "Harrisia Cactus". HerbiGuide. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  3. ^ Soule, J.A. 2012. Butterfly Gardening in Southern Arizona. Tierra del Soule Press, Tucson, AZ
  4. ^ Anderson, Edward F.; Eggli, Urs (2005). Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon (in German). Stuttgart (Hohenheim): Ulmer. p. 338. ISBN 3-8001-4573-1.
  5. ^ Franck, Alan R. (2016). "MONOGRAPH OF HARRISIA" (PDF). Phytoneuron. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
  6. ^ Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry: Biosecurity Queensland (1 January 2016). "Prohibited invasive plants: Harrisia cactus". Business Queensland. Queensland Government. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  7. ^ "Harrisia cactus" (PDF). Biosecurity Queensland. The State of Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. 2013. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  8. ^ Klein, H. (1999). "Biological control of three cactaceous weeds, Pereskia aculeata Miller, Harrisia martinii (Labouret) Britton and Cereus jamacaru De Candolle in South Africa". African Entomology Memoir (1): 3–14. S2CID 55993058. AGRIS id ZA2001000773. CABI ISC 19992302942.
  9. ^ Eaton, Mary E.; Garden, New York Botanical (1917). "Addisonia". New York Botanical Garden. ISSN 0732-1678. Retrieved 2023-11-23.

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