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Hankyu Railway
	Six-track section near Umeda terminal; Nakatsu Station in the center
Overview
Parent company	Hankyu Hanshin Holdings (Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group)
Headquarters	Osaka, Japan
Locale	Kansai region, Japan
Dates of operation	1910 (established in 1907)–
Technical
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Length	138.4 km (86.0 mi)
Other
Website	http://www.hankyu.co.jp/global/en/

Hankyu Corporation (阪急電鉄株式会社, Hankyū Dentetsu kabushiki gaisha, lit. 'Hankyu Electric Railway Stock Company'), trading as Hankyu Railway (阪急電鉄, Hankyū Dentetsu, lit. 'Hankyu Electric Railway'), is a Japanese private railway company that provides commuter and interurban service to the northern Kansai region and is one of the flagship properties of Hankyu Hanshin Holdings Inc., in turn part of the Hankyu Hanshin Toho Group (which includes H₂O Retailing Corporation and Toho Co., the creator of Godzilla). The railway's main terminal is at Umeda Station in Osaka. The signature color of Hankyu cars is maroon.^[1]

The Hankyu network serves 1,950,000 people every weekday and offers several types of express service with no extra charge.

The head offices of Hankyu Hanshin Holdings, Inc. and Hankyu Corporation are at 1-16-1, Shibata, Kita-ku, Osaka; both companies' registered headquarters are at 1-1, Sakaemachi, Ikeda, Osaka Prefecture.

The Takarazuka Revue, an all-female musical theatre performance company, is well known as a division of the Hankyu railway company; all of its members are employed by Hankyu.

History

Etymology

The name Hankyu is an abbreviation of Keihanshin Kyūko (京阪神急行).

Keihanshin (京阪神) refers to the area served by Hankyu trains, comprising the cities of Kyoto (京都), Osaka (大阪) and Kobe (神戸), along with the suburbs that connect them to each other.

Kyūko (急行) means "express train(s)".

Foundation

Seal of the Minoo Arima Electric Tramway

In 1907, the Minoo Arima Electric Tramway Company (箕面有馬電気軌道株式会社, Minoo Arima Denki Kidō Kabushiki-gaisha), a forerunner of Hankyu Hanshin Holdings, Inc., was established by Ichizō Kobayashi (precisely, he was one of the "promoters" of the tramway). On 10 March 1910, Minoo Arima Tramway opened the rail lines from Umeda to Takarazuka (the Takarazuka Main Line) and from Ishibashi to Minoo (the Minoo Line). The tramway was popular due to Kobayashi's pioneering act to develop housing around stations along the line (a first in Japan), a forerunner to transit-oriented developments.

Expansion to Kobe

On February 4, 1918, Minoo Arima Tramway was renamed Hanshin Kyūkō Railway Company (阪神急行電鉄株式会社, Hanshin Kyūkō Dentetsu Kabushiki-gaisha, referred to as "Hankyū", 阪急).

On July 16, 1920, the Kobe Main Line from Jūsō to Kobe (later, renamed Kamitsutsui) and the Itami Line from Tsukaguchi to Itami were opened.

On April 1, 1936, the Kobe Main Line was extended from Nishi-Nada (present-day Ōji-kōen) to the new terminal in Kobe (present-day Kobe-Sannomiya Station), and the Kobe Main Line from Nishi-Nada to Kamitsutsui was named the Kamitsutsui Line, which was abandoned on May 20, 1940.

In 1936, Hankyu established a professional baseball team and in 1937 the Nishinomiya Stadium as the team's home field was completed near Nishinomiya-Kitaguchi Station. The Hankyu Braves (named in 1947) played until the 1988 season and became the predecessors of the present-day Orix Buffaloes.

Merger and separation with Keihan

On October 1, 1943, under the order of the government, Hanshin Kyūkō and Keihan Electric Railway were merged, and renamed Keihanshin Kyūkō Railway Company (京阪神急行電鉄株式会社, Keihanshin Kyūkō Dentetsu Kabushiki-gaisha, referred to as "Keihanshin", 京阪神). The merged lines included the Keihan Main Line, the Uji Line, the Shinkeihan Line (present-day Kyoto Main Line), the Senriyama Line (present-day Senri Line), the Jūsō Line (part of Kyoto Main Line), the Arashiyama Line, the Keishin Line and the Ishiyama Sakamoto Line. The Katano Line was also added in 1945.

On December 1, 1949, the Keihan Main Line, the Katano Line, the Uji Line, the Keishin Line, and the Ishiyama-Sakamoto Line were split off to become part of the newly established Keihan Electric Railway Co., Ltd. Although this revived the former Keihan Electric Railway, Keihan was now smaller than before the 1943 merger, because the Shinkeihan Line and its branches were not given up by Keihanshin. The present structure of the Hankyu network with the three main lines was fixed by this transaction. The abbreviation of Keihanshin Kyūkō Railway was changed from "Keihanshin" to "Hankyū".

Postwar development

On April 7, 1968, the Kobe Main Line started through service to the Kobe Rapid Transit Railway Tozai Line and the Sanyo Electric Railway Main Line.

On December 6, 1969, the Kyoto Main Line and the Senri Line started through service to the Osaka Municipal Subway Sakaisuji Line. In 1970, the Senri Line was one of access routes to the Expo '70 held in Senri area.

On April 1, 1973, Keihanshin Kyūkō Railway Company assumed its current name.

Former Hankyu logo used between 1943 and 1992. The 6-point ring stands for Kyoto, and the symbols for Osaka City and Kobe are incorporated.

On April 1, 2005, former Hankyu Corporation became a holding company and was renamed Hankyu Holdings, Inc. (阪急ホールディングス株式会社, Hankyū Hōrudhingusu Kabushiki-gaisha). The railway business was ceded to a subsidiary, now named Hankyu Corporation (before the restructuring, the new company which reused a dormant company founded on December 7, 1989, was called "Act Systems" (株式会社アクトシステムズ) until March 28, 2004, then "Hankyū Dentetsu Bunkatsu Junbi K.K." (阪急電鉄分割準備株式会社) from the next day).

On October 1, 2006, Hankyu Holdings became the wholly owning parent company of Hanshin Electric Railway Co., Ltd. and the holdings were renamed Hankyu Hanshin Holdings, Inc.. Hankyu's stock purchase of Hanshin shares was completed on June 20, 2006.^[2]

Rail lines

Hankyu operates three main trunk lines, connecting Osaka with Kobe, Takarazuka and Kyoto respectively, and their branches.

Kōbe Main Line (神戸本線) (Category-1: Umeda – Kobe-sannomiya)

Itami Line (伊丹線) (Category-1: Tsukaguchi – Itami)

Imazu Line (今津線) (Category-1: Imazu – Nishinomiya-kitaguchi – Takarazuka)

Kōyō Line (甲陽線) (Category-1: Shukugawa – Kōyōen)

Kōbe Kōsoku Line (神戸高速線) (Category-2: Kobe-sannomiya – Shinkaichi, Trains are operated between Kobe-sannomiya and Shinkaichi on the Kōbe Rapid Transit Railway Tōzai Line)

Takarazuka Main Line (宝塚本線) (Category-1: Umeda – Takarazuka)

Minoh Line (箕面線) (Category-1: Ishibashi – Minoo)

Kyoto Main Line (京都本線) (Category-1: Umeda – Kawaramachi)

Senri Line (千里線) (Category-1: Tenjimbashisuji Roku-chome – Awaji – Kita-Senri)

Arashiyama Line (嵐山線) (Category-1: Katsura – Arashiyama)

The three groups of the lines, the Kobe Lines, the Takarazuka Lines and the Kyoto Lines, can be further grouped into two, the Kobe-Takarazuka Lines and the Kyoto Lines from a historical reason. Hankyu has two groups of rolling stock, one for the Kobe-Takarazuka Lines and the other for the Kyoto Lines.

Nose Electric Railway (Category-1: Kawanishi-Noseguchi – Myōkenguchi/Nissei-Chūō) works as a feeder of the Takarazuka Main Line although it is a separate railway company under control of Hankyu.

Former lines

Abandoned lines

Kitano Line (Umeda – Kitano)
Kamitsutsui Line (Nishi-Nada (Ōji-kōen) – Kamitsutsui)

Transferred lines

Keihan Line
- Keihan Main Line (Temmabashi – Sanjō)
- Katano Line (Hirakatashi – Kisaichi)
- Uji Line (Chūshojima – Uji)
Ōtsu Line
- Keishin Line (Sanjō – Hamaōtsu)
- Ishiyama Sakamoto Line (Ishiyamadera – Sakamoto)

The Keihan and Ōtsu Lines were transferred to Keihan Electric Railway Co., Ltd. which separated from Keihanshin Kyūkō (now Hankyu) on December 1, 1949.

Rolling stock

As of March 31, 2010^[update], Hankyu had 1,319 cars for passenger service.^[3] Standard cars have three pairs of doors per side and bench seating facing the center of the train (exceptions are noted below). The Kobe Line and Takarazuka Line use the same fleet.

Some former Hankyu trains, such as the 2000 series and 3100 series, have been transferred to the Nose Electric Railway.

Kobe Line/Takarazuka Line

1000 series
3000 series
3100 series
5000 series
5100 series
6000 series
7000 series
8000 series (includes small number of transverse seating cars)
8200 series
9000 series

Kyoto Line

1300 series (from spring 2014)
2300 series
3300 series
5300 series
6300 series (two doors per side, transverse seating)
7300 series
8300 series
9300 series (transverse seating)

Fares

Single fare (adult) in Japanese Yen by travel distance is as follows. Fares for children (6–11 years old) are half the adult fare, rounded up to the nearest 10 yen.

Current and historical Hankyu Railway fares
Distance (km)	Fare (JPY)
Distance (km)	effective October 1, 2019	effective April 1, 2014^[4]	effective April 1, 1997
1–4 km (0.62–2.49 mi)	160	150	150
5–9 km (3.1–5.6 mi)	190	190	180
10–14 km (6.2–8.7 mi)	230	220	220
15–19 km (9.3–11.8 mi)	270	270	260
20–26 km (12–16 mi)	280	280	270
27–33 km (17–21 mi)	320	320	310
34–42 km (21–26 mi)	380	370	360
43–51 km (27–32 mi)	400	400	390
52–60 km (32–37 mi)	470	470	450
61–70 km (38–43 mi)	530	530	510
71–76 km (44–47 mi)	630	620	600

For fare collection, IC cards (PiTaPa, ICOCA and others) are accepted.

The fare rate was changed on April 1, 2014, to reflect the change in the rate of consumption tax from 5% to 8%, and again on October 1, 2019, from 8% to 10%.^[4]

In popular culture

A 2-car Hankyu train was featured in the 1988 Japanese animated war drama Grave of the Fireflies.^[5]

One 2008 book by the Japanese writer Hiro Arikawa, Hankyu Densha, occurs entirely on the Hankyu–Imazu line, in the north-west suburbs of Osaka, where various characters meet and interact in the trains and at the various stations of the line. It was made into a film in 2011, titled Hankyu Railway: A 15-Minute Miracle.

The Hankyu 2000 is the locomotive of choice for Takumi Fujiwara, the main character in Densha de D, a parody of Initial D where the main characters race with trains instead of cars.

References

^ 会社概要 [Company Overview] (in Japanese). Osaka, Japan: Hankyu Corporation. 2002. Archived from the original on March 16, 2014. Retrieved Nov 9, 2012.
^ "UPDATE 2-Hankyu takes over fellow railway operator Hanshin". Reuters. 2006-06-20. Retrieved 2006-06-20.
^ Hankyu Corporation Toshikōtsū-jigyō-honbu Gijutsu-bu. 車両総説 [General information on rolling stock]. The Railway Pictorial (in Japanese). 837 (August 2010 Extra): 50.
^ ^a ^b Hankyu Corporation (March 4, 2014). "消費税率・地方消費税率の引き上げに伴う鉄道旅客運賃の改定について" (PDF). Retrieved June 8, 2014.
^ http://my.opera.com/opera%20kanta/blog/2008/08/13/grave-of-the-fireflies-hankyu-train. 2008-08-13. Retrieved 2010-12-25.