Hammersmith

This article is about the district in London. For other uses, see Hammersmith (disambiguation).

Hammersmith
Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith
Hammersmith is located in Greater London
Hammersmith
Hammersmith
Location within Greater London
Population95,996 (2020)[1]
OS grid referenceTQ233786
• Charing Cross4.3 mi (6.9 km) ENE
London borough
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townLONDON
Postcode districtW6 W14
Dialling code020
PoliceMetropolitan
FireLondon
AmbulanceLondon
UK Parliament
London Assembly
List of places
UK
England
London
51°29′34″N 0°13′22″W / 51.4928°N 0.2229°W / 51.4928; -0.2229

Hammersmith is a district of West London, England, 4.3 miles (6.9 km) southwest of Charing Cross. It is the administrative centre of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, and identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.

It is bordered by Shepherd's Bush to the north, Kensington to the east, Chiswick to the west, and Fulham to the south, all on the north bank of the River Thames. The area is one of west London's main commercial and employment centres, and has for some decades been a major centre of London's Polish community. It is a major transport hub for west London, with two London Underground stations and a bus and coach station at Hammersmith Broadway.

Hammersmith Town Hall

Toponymy

Hammersmith may mean "(Place with) a hammer smithy or forge",[2] although, in 1839, Thomas Faulkner proposed that the name derived from two 'Saxon' words: the initial Ham from ham and the remainder from hythe, alluding to Hammersmith's riverside location.[3] In 1922, Gover proposed that the prefix was a personal name, Heahmaer or Hæmar, and stating that the suffix must be Anglo-Saxon from -myðe,[4] meaning the junction of two rivers, as Hammersmith Creek merged with the Thames here.[5]: 36  The earliest spelling is Hamersmyth in 1294, with alternative spellings of Hameresmithe in 1312, Hamyrsmyth in 1535, and Hammersmith 1675.[6]

History

The district was a chapelry of the ancient parish of Fulham, but became a fully independent parish in 1631.[7] In the early 1660s, Hammersmith's first parish church, which later became St Paul's, was built by Sir Nicholas Crispe who ran the brickworks in Hammersmith.[8] It contained a monument to Crispe as well as a bronze bust of King Charles I by Hubert Le Sueur.[9] In 1696 Sir Samuel Morland was buried there. The church was completely rebuilt in 1883, but the monument and bust were transferred to the new church.

In 1745, two Scots, James Lee and Lewis Kennedy, established the Vineyard Nursery, over six acres devoted to landscaping plants. During the next hundred and fifty years the nursery introduced many new plants to England, including fuchsia and the standard rose tree.[10][11]

1804 saw the trial of Francis Smith for the murder of Thomas Millwood in Beaver Lane, Hammersmith. Called the Hammersmith Ghost murder case, it set a unique standard in English legal history.[12]

In 1868, Hammersmith was the name of a parish, and of a suburban district, within the hundred of Ossulstone, in the county of Middlesex.[13] Major industrial sites included the Osram lamp factory at Brook Green, the J. Lyons factory (which at one time employed 30,000 people). During both World Wars, Waring & Gillow's furniture factory, in Cambridge Grove, became the site of aircraft manufacture.

Hammersmith Borough Council had provided the borough with electricity since the early twentieth century from Hammersmith power station. Upon nationalisation of the electricity industry in 1948 ownership passed to the British Electricity Authority and later to the Central Electricity Generating Board. Electricity connections to the national grid rendered the 20 megawatt (MW) coal-fired power station redundant. It closed in 1965; in its final year of operation it delivered 5,462 MWh of electricity to the borough.[14]

Economy

Hammersmith is located at the confluence of one of the arterial routes out of central London (the A4) with several local feeder roads and a bridge over the Thames. The focal point of the district is the commercial centre (the Broadway Centre) located at this confluence, which houses a shopping centre, bus station, an Underground station and an office complex.[citation needed]

King Street

Stretching about 750 m (820 yd) westwards from this centre is King Street, Hammersmith's main shopping street. Named after John King, Bishop of London,[15] it contains a second shopping centre (Livat Hammersmith), many small shops, the town hall, the Lyric Theatre, a cinema, the Polish community centre and two hotels. King Street is supplemented by other shops along Shepherds Bush Road to the north, Fulham Palace Road to the south and Hammersmith Road to the east. Hammersmith's office activity takes place mainly to the eastern side of its centre, along Hammersmith Road and in the Ark, an office complex to the south of the flyover which traverses the area.[citation needed]

Charing Cross Hospital on Fulham Palace Road is a large multi-disciplinary NHS hospital with accident & emergency and teaching departments run by the Imperial College School of Medicine.[16]

Architecture

"The Ark" office building, designed by British architect Ralph Erskine and completed in 1992, has some resemblance to the hull of a sailing ship.[17] Hammersmith Bridge Road Surgery was designed by Guy Greenfield.[18] 22 St Peter's Square, the former Royal Chiswick Laundry and Island Records HQ, has been converted to architects' studios and offices by Lifschutz Davidson Sandilands. It has a Hammersmith Society Conservation award plaque (2009)[19] and has been included in tours in Architecture Week.[20] Several of Hammersmith's pubs are listed buildings, including the Black Lion,[21] The Dove,[22] The George,[23] The Hop Poles,[24] the Hope and Anchor,[25] the Salutation Inn[26] and The Swan,[27] as are Hammersmith's two parish churches, St Paul's[28] (the town's original church, rebuilt in the 1890s) and St Peter's, built in the 1820s.[29]

Culture and entertainment

The Dove public house

Riverside Studios is a cinema, performance space, bar and cafe. Originally film studios, Riverside Studios were used by the BBC from 1954 to 1975 for television productions.[30] The Lyric Hammersmith Theatre is just off King Street. Hammersmith Apollo concert hall and theatre (formerly the Carling Hammersmith Apollo, the Hammersmith Odeon, and before that the Gaumont Cinema) is just south of the gyratory. The former Hammersmith Palais nightclub has been demolished and the site reused as student accommodation.[31] The Polish Social and Cultural Association is on King Street. It contains a theatre, an art gallery and several restaurants. Its library has one of the largest collections of Polish-language books outside Poland.[32][33][34][35][36]

The Dove is a riverside pub with what the Guinness Book of Records listed as the smallest bar room in the world, in 2016 surviving as a small space on the right of the bar.[37] The pub was frequented by Ernest Hemingway and Graham Greene; James Thomson lodged and likely wrote Rule Britannia here.[38] The narrow alley in which it stands is the only remnant of the riverside village of Hammersmith, the bulk of which was demolished in the 1930s. Furnivall Gardens, which lies to the east, covers the site of Hammersmith Creek and the High Bridge.[39]

Leisure activity also takes place along Hammersmith's pedestrianised riverside, home to the pubs of Lower Mall, rowing clubs and the riverside park of Furnival Gardens. Hammersmith has a municipal park, Ravenscourt Park, to the west of the centre. Its facilities include tennis courts, a basketball court, a bowling lawn, a paddling pool, and playgrounds.[40]

Lower Mall from the river, with Hammersmith Bridge on the right

Hammersmith is the historical home of the West London Penguin Swimming and Water Polo Club, formerly known as the Hammersmith Penguin Swimming Club.[41] Hammersmith Chess Club has been active in the borough since it was formed in 1962. It was initially based in Westcott Lodge, later moving to St Paul's Church, then to Blythe House and now Lytton Hall, near West Kensington tube station.[42]

Transport

The area is on the main A4 trunk road heading west from central London towards the M4 motorway and Heathrow Airport. The A4, a busy commuter route, passes over the area's main road junction, Hammersmith Gyratory System, on a long viaduct, the Hammersmith Flyover.[43] Hammersmith Bridge closed in August 2020 to pedestrians, cyclists and road traffic, severing the link with Barnes in the southwest. Its cast iron pedestals that hold the suspension system in place had become unsafe.[44]

The centre of Hammersmith is served by two London Underground stations named Hammersmith: one is served by the Hammersmith & City and Circle lines and the other is served by the Piccadilly and District lines. The latter station is part of a larger office, retail and transport development, locally known as "The Broadway Centre". Hammersmith Broadway stretches from the junction of Queen Caroline Street and King Street in the west to the junction of Hammersmith Road and Butterwick in the east. It forms the north side of the gyratory system also known as Hammersmith Roundabout. The Broadway Shopping Centre includes a major bus station. The length of King Street places the westernmost shops and offices closest to Ravenscourt Park Underground station on the District line, one stop west of Hammersmith itself.[citation needed]

Hammersmith Bridge

Main article: Hammersmith Bridge
Hammersmith Bridge
Repair works to the bridge footings, showing air-conditioning and sensors

The first Hammersmith Bridge was designed by William Tierney Clark and opened in 1827 and was the first suspension bridge crossing the River Thames. It was redesigned by Joseph Bazalgette, and reopened in 1887.[8][45] In August 2020, it closed to pedestrians, cyclists and road traffic as the cast iron pedestals that hold the suspension system in place became unsafe. Work began to improve the structural integrity of the bridge in 2022.[44]

In literature and music

Hammersmith features in Charles Dickens' Great Expectations as the home of the Pocket family. Pip resides with the Pockets in their house by the river and goes boating on the river.[46] William Morris's utopian novel News from Nowhere (1890) describes a journey up the river from Hammersmith towards Oxford.[47]

In 1930, Gustav Holst composed Hammersmith, a work for military band (later rewritten for orchestra), reflecting his impressions of the area, having lived across the river in Barnes for nearly forty years.[48] It begins with a haunting musical depiction of the River Thames flowing underneath Hammersmith Bridge. Holst taught music at St Paul's Girls' School and composed many of his most famous works there, including his The Planets suite. A music room in the school is named after him.[49] Holst dedicated Hammersmith: "To the Author of "The Water Gypsies".[50]

Notable people

17th century

John Milton, poet

18th century

19th century

Eric Gill, typographer
Gustav Holst, composer

1900–1945

Rosalind Franklin, chemist

1946–2000

Bill Bailey, comedian
Joe Calzaghe, boxer
Rosamund Pike, actress

See also

References

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Chennai

Madras beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Madras (disambiguasi). Chennai CennaīMadrasMegakota Searah jarum jam dari atas: Stasiun kereta api Pusat Chennai; Valluvar Kottam; Pantai Marina; Gedung Ripon; Persimpangan Kathipara; Patung Kemenangan Buruh and Kuil KapalishwararJulukan: Gerbang India Selatan (Gateway of South India),[1] Detroit di India (Detroit of India),[2] Ibukota Kesehatan India (Health Capital of India)[3]Negara IndiaNegara Bah...

 

 

Abdul Karim Amrullah

Untuk Ketua Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) sekaligus putranya, lihat Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah. Abdul Karim AmrullahBiografiKelahiran10 Februari 1879 Kematian2 Juni 1945 (66 tahun)Jakarta Data pribadiKelompok etnikOrang Minangkabau AgamaIslam KegiatanPekerjaanUlama KeluargaPasangan nikahRaihanah Rafi'ah Syafiyah Siti Hindun AnakFatimah Karim AmrullahHamkaAbdul Kuddus KarimAbdul Wadud Karim AmrullahAbdul Bari Orang tuaMuhammad Amrullah , Tarwasa KerabatAhmad Rasyid Sutan Mansur (menantu) ...

 

 

Asosiasi Sepak Bola Saint Kitts dan Nevis

Asosiasi Sepak Bola Saint Kitts dan NevisCONCACAFDidirikan1932Kantor pusatBasseterreBergabung dengan FIFA1992Bergabung dengan CONCACAF1990 (anggota rekan)1992PresidenAnthony JohnsonWebsitehttp://www.sknfa.com Asosiasi Sepak Bola Saint Kitts dan Nevis (Inggris: St. Kitts and Nevis Football Associationcode: en is deprecated ) adalah badan pengendali sepak bola di Saint Kitts dan Nevis. Kompetisi Badan ini menyelenggarakan beberapa kompetisi di Saint Kitts dan Nevis, termasuk Liga Utama SKNFA ya...

2016 Colchester Borough Council election

2016 UK local government election This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 2016 Colchester Borough Council election – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2016 Colchester Borough Council election ← 2015 5 May ...

 

 

Sky father

Figure type in various religions King of Heaven redirects here. For other uses, see The Heavenly King (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Sky father – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Jupiter, ancient R...

 

 

Conseil supérieur de la magistrature (France)

Pour les autres articles nationaux ou selon les autres juridictions, voir Conseil supérieur de la magistrature. Pour les articles homonymes, voir CSM. Conseil supérieur de la magistratureCadreSigle CSMType Conseil supérieur de la magistratureForme juridique Autorité constitutionnelleDomaine d'activité JusticeSiège Hôtel Moreau (depuis le 1er juin 2013)Pays  FranceCoordonnées 48° 52′ 21″ N, 2° 20′ 03″ EOrganisationMembres 22 conseillersPrem...

Tracy King

American politician For the United States Marine Corps general, see Tracy W. King. This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Tracy King – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June ...

 

 

Nick Tropeano

American baseball player Baseball player Nick TropeanoTropeano with the Houston AstrosFree agent PitcherBorn: (1990-08-27) August 27, 1990 (age 33)West Islip, New York, U.S.Bats: RightThrows: RightMLB debutSeptember 10, 2014, for the Houston AstrosMLB statistics (through 2021 season)Win–loss record14–14Earned run average4.22Strikeouts214 Teams Houston Astros (2014) Los Angeles Angels (2015–2016, 2018–2019) Pittsburgh Pirates (2020) San Francisco Giants (2021) New Y...

 

 

Delfino Pescara 1936 2016-2017

Voce principale: Delfino Pescara 1936. Delfino Pescara 1936Stagione 2016-2017La formazione scesa in campo contro la Juventus il 19 novembre 2016 Sport calcio Squadra Pescara Allenatore Massimo Oddo (1ª-24ª) Zdeněk Zeman (25ª-38ª) All. in seconda Marcello Donatelli (1ª-24ª) Vincenzo Cangelosi (25ª-38ª) Presidente Daniele Sebastiani Serie A20º (in Serie B) Coppa ItaliaQuarto turno Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Memushaj (36)Totale: Memushaj (38) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Caprar...

Keke Rosberg

Den här artikeln omfattas av Wikipedias policy om biografier. Den behöver fler källhänvisningar för att kunna verifieras. (2019-11) Åtgärda genom att lägga till pålitliga källor (gärna som fotnoter). Uppgifter utan källhänvisning kan ifrågasättas och tas bort utan att det behöver diskuteras på diskussionssidan. Keke Rosberg Rosberg under Nederländernas Grand Prix 1982. Rosberg under Nederländernas Grand Prix 1982.Formel 1Aktiv1978 - 1986Mästartitlar1982Senaste stallMcLare...

 

 

Панов, Александр Николаевич

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Панов; Панов, Александр. Александр Николаевич Панов Ректор Дипломатической академии МИД России 1 июля 2006 — 1 декабря 2010 Президент Владимир ПутинДмитрий Медведев Предшественник Юрий Фокин Преемник Евгений Баж...

 

 

Холокост в России

Часть серии статей о ХолокостеИдеология и политика Расовая гигиена Расовый антисемитизм Нацистская расовая политика Нюрнбергские расовые законы Шоа Лагеря смерти Белжец Дахау Майданек Малый Тростенец Маутхаузен Освенцим Собибор Треблинка Хелмно Юнгфернхоф Ясеновац...

Qetesh

Ancient Egyptian goddess For the Stargate character, see Qetesh (Stargate). For other uses, see Qadesh (disambiguation). Qeteshheavenly goddessA digital collage showing an image of Qetesh together with hieroglyphs taken from a separate Egyptian relief(the 'Triple Goddess stone')SymbolLion, snake, a bouquet of papyrus or Egyptian lotus, Hathor wigParentsPtah or Ra[1] Part of a series onAncient Semitic religion Mesopotamian Levantine pre-Islamic Arabia Near Eastern Religions The Levant ...

 

 

United States in the Vietnam War

This article is part of a series on theHistory of the United States Timeline and periodsPrehistoric and Pre-Columbian Erauntil 1607Colonial Era 1607–17651776–1789    American Revolution 1765–1783    Confederation Period 1783–17881789–1815    Federalist Era 1788–1801    Jeffersonian Era1801–18171815–1849    Era of Good Feelings 1817–1825    Jacksonian Era18...

 

 

Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football

College football team that represents Western Kentucky University Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football2023 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football team First season1908; 116 years ago[a]Athletic directorTodd StewartHead coachTyson Helton 5th season, 40–26 (.606)StadiumHouchens Industries–L. T. Smith Stadium(capacity: 22,000)Field surfaceFieldTurfLocationBowling Green, KentuckyNCAA divisionDivision I FBSConferenceConference USAAll-time record615–426–30 [1]&#...

نادي الوادي

نادي الوادي الاسم الكامل نادي الوادي السعودي الأسماء السابقة نادي الوادي الأخضر الاسم المختصر الوادي تأسس عام 1397 هـ الملعب (يجري حالياً تطويره) البلد السعودية  الدوري الدرجة الثالثة الإدارة نادي الوادي الأخضر عبدالرحمن بن منصور آل وثيلة الطقم الرسمي الطقم الأساسي الط�...

 

 

Treaty of London (1915)

World War I treaty between Italy and the Triple Entente Multiple geographical names mentioned below changed in the discussed period. The article uses modern English or local names.Treaty of LondonAgreement between France, Russia, Great Britain and Italy. Signed at London April 26, 1915.TypeMultilateral treatyContextEntry of Italy into World War ISigned26 April 1915 (1915-04-26)LocationLondon, England, United KingdomNegotiators H. H. Asquith Edward Grey Théophile Delcassé Anto...

 

 

ليدز

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع ليدز (توضيح). ليدز    شعار الاسم الرسمي (بالإنجليزية: Leeds)‏    الإحداثيات 53°47′51″N 1°32′37″W / 53.7975°N 1.5436111111111°W / 53.7975; -1.5436111111111   تقسيم إداري  البلد المملكة المتحدة[1][2]  التقسيم الأعلى ليدز  [لغات أخرى]‏  عا�...

1932 United States presidential election in Illinois

Main article: 1932 United States presidential election 1932 United States presidential election in Illinois ← 1928 November 8, 1932[1] 1936 → All 29 Illinois votes to the Electoral College   Nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt Herbert Hoover Party Democratic Republican Home state New York California Running mate John Nance Garner Charles Curtis Electoral vote 29 0 Popular vote 1,882,304 1,432,756 Percentage 55.23% 42.04% County Results Rooseve...

 

 

全力!脱力タイムズ

テレビ番組・中継内での各種情報（終了した番組・中継を含みます）は、DVDやBlu-rayなどでの販売や公式なネット配信、または信頼できる紙媒体またはウェブ媒体が紹介するまで、出典として用いないで下さい。 検証可能性に基づき除去される場合があります。 World Report全力!脱力タイムズDatsuryoku News Networkジャンル コメディー[1]構成 石塚祐介、寺田智和、カツオ�...