The phoneme which is commonly called thick L (written /ɽ/ in IPA), exists in words that had either ⟨l⟩ or ⟨rð⟩ in Old Norse. In Vang, /ɽ/ occurs only in the first case.[7]
The consonant clusters ⟨sk⟩, ⟨skj⟩, and ⟨sj⟩ were not pronounced as [ʂ], only ⟨-rs-⟩ was.[8] Sørbygdi in Flå pronounces ⟨sj⟩ as [ʂ], while Gulsvik pronounces it as [ʂj].[9]
The consonant clusters ⟨sl⟩ and ⟨tl⟩ were mostly assimilated to [sl]. Hol and Ål assimilated these to [l̥],[10][11] and Sørbygdi in Flå assimilated ⟨sl⟩ to [ʂl].[9]
The clusters ⟨-ld⟩, ⟨-nd⟩ and ⟨-mb⟩ are pronounced as spelled.[12][13][14]
The Old Norse cluster ⟨-fn⟩ is pronounced as assimilated [bdn] or [bn].[13]
Vowels
The back vowels[ʊ,uː] and [ɔ,oː] in older Hallingmål-Valdris were pronounced as in Old Norse, without the vowel shift to, respectively, [ʉ,ʉː] and [ʊ,uː] that is found in most other Norwegian dialects.[15][16]
The short Old Norse vowels ⟨o⟩ and ⟨ö⟩ are pronounced as central [ɞ] almost everywhere, except for Ål (but not Torpo), where these are back [ɔ].[7][17][18] In Valdres (except for Vang), the schwa /ə/ can also be realized as [ɞ].[7]
Traditionally, /æ,æː/ were pronounced as open-mid [ɛ,ɛː].[15]
The words pronounced [e(ː)] and [ɛ(ː)] mean "I" and "am", respectively.[15]
Itacism is found in southern Hallingdal (Flå, Nes and some in Gol), making the vowel /yː/ to be unrounded to [iː].[19]
The Old Norse diphthongs ⟨ei⟩, ⟨ey⟩ and ⟨au⟩ are traditionally pronounced as [aɪ̯], [ɔʏ̯] ([eɪ̯] in southern Hallingdal)[19] and [aʊ̯]. This is occurs today especially in upper Valdres and Hol and Ål.[7][8]
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