HMS Thrasher (1895)

History
United Kingdom
Name	Thrasher
Builder	Laird, Son & Co., Birkenhead
Yard number	608
Laid down	30 May 1895
Launched	5 November 1895
Commissioned	June 1897
Fate	Sold for disposal, 1919
General characteristics
Class and type	Quail-class destroyer
Displacement	355 long tons (361 t) light; 415 long tons (422 t) full load;
Length	218 ft (66 m)
Beam	21 ft 6 in (6.55 m)
Draught	9 ft 6 in (2.90 m)
Propulsion	Triple expansion steam engines; Coal-fired Normand boilers; 6,300 hp (4,698 kW);
Speed	30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph)
Complement	63
Armament	1 × QF 12-pounder gun,; 5 × 6-pounder guns,; 2 × 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes;

HMS Thrasher was a "thirty-knotter" torpedo boat destroyer of the British Royal Navy. She was completed by Laird, Son & Company, Birkenhead, in 1897. One of four Quail-class destroyers (later classed as part of the B-class), she served in the First World War, sinking the German submarine UC-39 in 1917, and was sold off after hostilities ended.

Design and construction

As part of its 1894–1895 shipbuilding programme for the Royal Navy, the British Admiralty placed orders with Laird Brothers for four destroyers. The destroyers ordered under the 1894–1895 programme had a contracted speed of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph) rather than the 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph) required of previous destroyers. Armament was specified to be a QF 12 pounder 12 cwt (3 in (76 mm) calibre), with a secondary armament of five 6-pounder guns, and two 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.^[1]^[2] As with other early Royal Navy destroyers, the detailed design was left to the builder, with the Admiralty laying down only broad requirements.^[3]^[4]

Laird's four ships were each powered by two four-cylinder triple expansion steam engines, fed by four Normand boilers, rated at 6,300 ihp (4,700 kW), and were fitted with four funnels. They had an overall length of 218 feet (66.45 m), a beam of 21 feet 6 inches (6.55 m) and a draught of 9 feet 6 inches (2.90 m). Displacement was 355 long tons (361 t) light and 415 long tons (422 t) full load,^[5]^[6] while crew was 63.^[7]

Thrasher was laid down at Laird's Birkenhead shipyard as Yard Number 608 on 30 May 1895, as the third of the four destroyers ordered from Laird's, and was launched on 5 November 1895.^[5] She reached a speed of 30.000 knots (55.560 km/h; 34.523 mph) over a measured mile and an average speed of 30.015 knots (55.588 km/h; 34.541 mph) over three hours during trials on 14 December 1896.^[8] Thrasher commissioned in June 1897.^[5]

Service history

Pre-war service

Newly commissioned, Thrasher took part in the naval review off Spithead on 26 June 1897 to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria.^[9] On 20 August 1897, Thrasher collided with the cruiser Phaeton in the English Channel, killing one crewmember.^[10] Thrasher's helmsman was blamed for the accident by a court-martial and was dismissed from the ship.^[11] On 29 September 1897, Thrasher and the destroyer Lynx ran aground in a fog off Dodman Point, Cornwall. The grounding caused a steam main aboard Thrasher to rupture, killing four stokers. While both ships were refloated, Thrasher was badly damaged and after repair was no longer as fast as her sister ships.^[12]^[13]^[6] The ship's commanding officer, Commander Travers, was severely reprimanded by the resulting court-martial.^[14]

On 5 December 1901 Thrasher was commissioned by Lieutenant and Commander C. D. S. Raikes as tender to the battleship Formidable on the Mediterranean station.^[15] She left Devonport for Malta in January the following year,^[16] returning to home waters in 1906.^[5] While at Malta she was in May 1902 again involved a collision, with the destroyer Coquette, and had her stern damaged.^[17] In early January 1903 she took part in a three-weeks cruise with other ships of her squadron in the Greek islands around Corfu.^[18] In 1910, Thrasher formed part of the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla.^[12]

On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyers were to be grouped into classes designated by letters based on contract speed and appearance. As a four-funneled 30-knotter destroyer, Thrasher was assigned to the B Class.^[19]^[20] In 1912, older destroyers were transferred to patrol flotillas,^[21] with Thrasher forming part of the Seventh Flotilla, based at Devonport, by March 1913.^[22] Thrasher, still based at Devonport as part of the Seventh Flotilla,^[23] took part in the search for the missing submarine A7 (which had sunk in Whitsand Bay, Cornwall on 16 January^[24]), with Thrasher's commanding officer dying of a chill caught during the search.^[25]

First World War

On the outbreak of the First World War, the Seventh Flotilla moved to the East coast of England.^[26] Thrasher remained with the Flotilla through 1915 and 1916.^[27]^[28] On 8 February 1917, Thrasher spotted the German submarine UC-39 while the submarine was in the process of attacking a merchant ship off Flamborough Head, Yorkshire. When UC-39 dived, Thrasher responded with a depth charge which badly damaged the submarine, which was forced to the surface. Thrasher fired on the surfaced submarine until it was realised that UC-39's crew was surrendering. Thrasher rescued 17 Germans together with two British sailors who had been held prisoner aboard UC-39, with seven Germans killed. UC-39 sank while attempts were being made to tow the submarine to port.^[29]^[30]

By September 1917, Thrasher transferred to the local Patrol Flotilla on the Nore,^[31] remaining on that station until the end of the war.^[32] Thrasher was sold for scrap on 4 November 1919.^[33]

Pennant numbers

Pennant number^[33]	Date
D79	1914
D94	August 1915
D90	January 1918

Citations

^ Friedman 2009, p. 46–47.
^ Lyon 2001, pp. 21–22.
^ Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 87.
^ Manning 1961, p. 39.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lyon 2001, pp. 61–62.
^ ^a ^b Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 94.
^ Manning 1961, p. 40.
^ "Eight Torpedo Boat Destroyers, Built by Laird Brothers, Birkenhead. — Trials between 30th September and the 18th December 1896" (PDF). The Engineer. Vol. 83. 1 January 1897. p. 16..
^ "HMS Thrasher". pbenyon.plus.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ "Collision in the Channel: Thrasher Badly Damaged". Launceston Examiner. 23 August 1897. p. 5. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ "Phaeton and Thrasher Disaster: Judgement of Court-Martial". The Mercury. 31 August 1897. p. 2. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ ^a ^b "NMM, vessel ID 377343" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol iv. National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ "Warships Ashore: Accident on H.M.S. Thrasher: Four Men Killed". Kalgoorlie Miner. 1 October 1897. p. 3. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ "The Grounding of H.M.S Thrasher". Geelong Advertiser. 18 October 1897. p. 3. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36631. London. 6 December 1901. p. 6.
^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36669. London. 20 January 1902. p. 6.
^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36769. London. 16 May 1902. p. 11.
^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36983. London. 21 January 1903. p. 8.
^ Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 18.
^ Manning 1961, pp. 17–18.
^ Manning 1961, p. 25.
^ "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Patrol Flotillas". The Monthly Naval List: 269d. March 1913. Retrieved 16 October 2014..
^ "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Patrol Flotillas". The Monthly Naval List: 269d. February 1914. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 86.
^ "Submarine Disaster: Missing Vessel Located". Western Mail. Perth, Australia. 30 January 1914. p. 19. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ Manning 1961, pp. 15–16.
^ "Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c". The Naval List: 16. October 1915. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ "Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c". The Naval List: 16. October 1916. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ Grant 1964, p. 66.
^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: UC-39". U-Boat War in World War I. Uboat.net. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ "Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c". The Naval List: 18. September 1917. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ "Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c". The Naval List: 16. December 1918. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ ^a ^b Dittmar and Colledge 1972, p. 57.

References

Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5.
Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
Dittmar, F.J.; Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0380-7.
Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
Grant, Robert M. (1964). U-Boats Destroyed: The Effects of Anti-Submarine Warfare 1914–1918. London: Putnam.
Lyon, David (2001) [1996]. The First Destroyers. London: Caxton Editions. ISBN 1-84067-364-8.
Manning, T. D. (1961). The British Destroyer. Putnam & Co. OCLC 6470051.
March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953; Drawn by Admiralty Permission From Official Records & Returns, Ships' Covers & Building Plans. London: Seeley Service. OCLC 164893555.

[Friedman_p46-7-1] Friedman 2009, p. 46–47.

[Lyon_p21-2-2] Lyon 2001, pp. 21–22.

[Conways60_p87-3] Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 87.

[Manning_p39-4] Manning 1961, p. 39.

[Lyon_p61-2-5] Lyon 2001, pp. 61–62.

[conways60_p94-6] Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 94.

[Manning_p40-7] Manning 1961, p. 40.

[eng-8] "Eight Torpedo Boat Destroyers, Built by Laird Brothers, Birkenhead. — Trials between 30th September and the 18th December 1896" (PDF). The Engineer. Vol. 83. 1 January 1897. p. 16..

[pben-9] "HMS Thrasher". pbenyon.plus.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

[10] "Collision in the Channel: Thrasher Badly Damaged". Launceston Examiner. 23 August 1897. p. 5. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

[11] "Phaeton and Thrasher Disaster: Judgement of Court-Martial". The Mercury. 31 August 1897. p. 2. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

[nmm-12] "NMM, vessel ID 377343" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol iv. National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

[13] "Warships Ashore: Accident on H.M.S. Thrasher: Four Men Killed". Kalgoorlie Miner. 1 October 1897. p. 3. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

[14] "The Grounding of H.M.S Thrasher". Geelong Advertiser. 18 October 1897. p. 3. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

[15] "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36631. London. 6 December 1901. p. 6.

[16] "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36669. London. 20 January 1902. p. 6.

[17] "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36769. London. 16 May 1902. p. 11.

[18] "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36983. London. 21 January 1903. p. 8.

[Conway06_p18-19] Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 18.

[Manning_p17-8-20] Manning 1961, pp. 17–18.

[Manning_p25-21] Manning 1961, p. 25.

[22] "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Patrol Flotillas". The Monthly Naval List: 269d. March 1913. Retrieved 16 October 2014..

[23] "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Patrol Flotillas". The Monthly Naval List: 269d. February 1914. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

[Conway06_p86-24] Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 86.

[25] "Submarine Disaster: Missing Vessel Located". Western Mail. Perth, Australia. 30 January 1914. p. 19. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

[Manning_p15-6-26] Manning 1961, pp. 15–16.

[27] "Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c". The Naval List: 16. October 1915. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

[28] "Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c". The Naval List: 16. October 1916. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

[Grant_p66-29] Grant 1964, p. 66.

[30] Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: UC-39". U-Boat War in World War I. Uboat.net. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

[31] "Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c". The Naval List: 18. September 1917. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

[32] "Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c". The Naval List: 16. December 1918. Retrieved 16 October 2014.

[Ditt_p57-33] Dittmar and Colledge 1972, p. 57.

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HMS Thrasher (1895)

Design and construction

Service history

Pre-war service

First World War

Pennant numbers

Citations

References

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