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	Torpedo boat Defender
History
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Defender
Ordered	26 August 1882
Builder	John I. Thornycroft & Company
Cost	£12,600 for four boats
Yard number	168
Launched	30 July 1883
Commissioned	18 September 1883
Fate	Abandoned at Purau Bay, Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand
Status	Preserved at the Lyttelton Torpedo Boat Museum
General characteristics
Class and type	Defender-class torpedo boat
Displacement	12 tons
Length	62 ft 10 in (19.15 m)
Beam	7 ft 6 in (2.29 m)
Installed power	173 hp (129 kW)
Propulsion	Two-cylinder compound-expansion steam reciprocating engine; 130lb/sq in Locomotive boiler,;
Speed	17.3 kn (32.0 km/h)
Complement	7
Armament	One McEvoy Spar torpedo (later augmented by two 18" Whitehead torpedoes); One 2-barrelled Nordenfelt gun;

HMS Defender was a second-class colonial-service torpedo boat built in 1883 for service in New Zealand and abandoned at Lyttelton sometime after 1900. Its remains are today displayed at the Lyttelton Torpedo Boat Museum.

History

Acquisition

She was acquired, with 3 similar second-class torpedo boats, for the external defence of New Zealand, at a cost of about £3,200 each. All four boats were built and engined by John I. Thornycroft & Company at Church Wharf, Chiswick on the River Thames. Defender was launched on 30 July 1883 and was commissioned for trials on 18 September the same year.^[1]

As built she was armed with a single McEvoy spar torpedo, which was designed to be rammed into a vessel and explode beneath the waterline. A single 2-barrelled Nordenfelt machine gun comprised the total gun armament.

On 1 February 1884^[1] they were shipped aboard the sailing ship Lyttelton from London to Port Chalmers, NZ. By December 1884 she had been towed to Lyttelton and on 1 January 1885 she made a great impression at her first public appearance at the Lyttelton Regatta.

Active career

A shed and slipway were built for her in Baker's Bay below Erskine Point, but enthusiasm seems to have been short-lived; she spent most of her time out of the water to preserve her galvanised hull.

In March 1886 Rear Admiral R A E Scott of Dunedin, honorary Commodore of the Naval Artillery Volunteers, arrived at Lyttelton in the course of a tour of inspection. Captain McLellan, the harbour master and commanding officer of the Lyttelton unit met him at the station and escorted him to where the torpedo boat was waiting, steamed up at Gladstone Pier. A trip was made round Ripa Island to observe the progress of the defence works and then on to Little Port Cooper. The trip was not a success; The Lyttelton Times describes the vessel's performance as "enough to make a marine engineer weep tears of gall!". Her engine was so rusty that only 12.5 knots (23 km/h) could be got out of her. The steam engines quickly used up all supplies of fresh water and the tanks had to be refilled with salt water, the boat proceeding slowly while this was done. The Lyttelton Times writer did not blame the Volunteers for this dreary performance but rather the inability of the Government to provide a full-time engineer to service her. ^[2]

Laid up

She was laid up to rust in a shed a mile from the town in an exposed and totally unsuitable position. If there was any kind of swell it was impossible to launch the boat without the certainty of it being smashed. A torpedo corps was formed at Lyttelton soon after this and trained in the use of mines and little more was heard of the torpedo launch. ^[2]

The spar torpedoes were replaced with Whitehead mobile torpedoes, which could be launched from the torpedo boats by means of dropping gear amidships. However the narrow hull remained stable only if both torpedoes were dropped simultaneously. There was no question of flotilla tactics, since the four harbours were too far apart. Rather, each boat was a single shot weapon, but integrated into the overall defence plan for each harbour.

Disposal and neglect

In 1900 the Naval and the Torpedo Corps were merged with the Garrison Artillery. The torpedo boat, by then thoroughly outmoded, was neglected and not replaced. When the Government later offered the vessel for sale it was bought for almost nothing by Mr Mark Thomas, a well-known Lyttelton steam launch proprietor. He removed many parts and dumped the hull on the Purau Beach. Her engines were given to the School of Engineering at Canterbury University.^[3] For many years the rusty remains of Defender lay on the beach at Purau Bay. The conning tower was eventually used in a nearby paddock as a watering trough, the steel plating, funnels, and deck fittings long since removed. Her ignominious end was the result of neglect and misuse from the time of her arrival at Lyttelton. In 1909 the Mt. Herbert County Council used a traction engine to pull the hull further up the shore but the whole thing broke in two during this operation.^[2] The rusty remains littered the beach until well after the Second World War. The local Borough Council eventually bulldozed what was left into a pit.

Preservation

In 1999 the remains were recovered, and now form part of the exhibition at the Lyttelton Torpedo Boat Museum. Housed in the historic magazine building in Magazine Bay it exhibits the remains of the hull, an engine and other artefacts.

References

The New Zealand Maritime Index Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Winfield, R.; Lyon, D. (2004). The Sail and Steam Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-032-6. OCLC 52620555.
^ ^a ^b ^c "New Zealand Maritime Record". Archived from the original on 1 December 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2008.
^ "Vessel ID 515020151 at the New Zealand Maritime Index". Retrieved 21 October 2010.