Guardistallo massacre

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The Guardistallo massacre was a Nazi German act of reprisal that took place close to Guardistallo, in Tuscany. On 29 June 1944, 57 people were killed and buried in a mass grave. One of the victims died from wounds suffered in the same occasion a few days afterward.^[1]

The cause of the massacre was suspected at the time to be a belief by German forces that Italian partisans had been hiding an American pilot who had been shot down in the area. A photoreconnaissance pilot from the 3rd Photorecon Group, 12th Air Force had, in fact, been downed by antiaircraft fire in the proceeding days and hidden by a resistance cell. He was successfully returned to Allied forces and survived the war.^[2]^[3]

References

^ Bosworth (January 30, 2007). Mussolini's Italy: Life Under the Fascist Dictatorship, 1915-1945. Penguin Group. p. 499. ISBN 978-0143038566. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
^ Toomey, David. "Tall Tales & Vapor Trails - Recollections of a P-38 Pilot, by Lt. David Toomey, 12th AF, presentation given November 2010". YouTube. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
^ Toomey, David. "Can This P-38 Be Saved?, Smithsonian Magazine, November 2009". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 16 May 2022.

Nazi war crimes in Italy

Massacres

1943	Boves Lake Maggiore Caiazzo Pisino Pietransieri

1944	Monchio, Susano and Costrignano Ardeatine Ameglia Fragheto Vallucciole Lipa Capistrello Guardistallo Piazza Tasso Piavola Sant'Anna di Stazzema San Terenzo Monti Padule di Fucecchio Vinca San Leonardo al Frigido Certosa di Farneta Marzabotto

1945	San Martino di Lupari

Perpetrators

Individuals	Heinrich Andergassen Friedrich Boßhammer Eduard Crasemann Theodor Dannecker Anton Dostler Friedrich Engel Karl Hass Herbert Kappler Albert Kesselring Eberhard von Mackensen Kurt Mälzer Erich Priebke Walter Rauff Walter Reder Theo Saevecke Josef Scheungraber Michael Seifert Max Simon Gerhard Sommer Karl Titho

Units

Waffen-SS	SS Division Leibstandarte SS Division Reichsführer-SS SS Volunteer Karstwehr Battalion

Army

Luftwaffe	1st Parachute Division 1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division 2nd Parachute Division 4th Parachute Division 19th Luftwaffe Field Division 20th Luftwaffe Field Division

SS Police	SS Police Regiment Alpine Foothills SS Police Regiment Bozen SS Police Regiment Schlanders 12th SS Police Regiment 15th SS Police Regiment 20th SS Police Regiment

Italian	Republican Police Corps Italian Black Brigades 2nd Division "Littorio" 3rd Division "San Marco" 4th Division "Monterosa"

Doctrine	Bandenbekämpfung

Victims

Groups	Italian Jews Libyan Jews Italian military internees

Individuals	Leonardo de Benedetti Einstein family Giovanni Fornasini Maurizio Giglio Roderick Stephen Hall Primo Levi Ettore Ovazza

Camps

Looting

Post-war

See also: The Holocaust in Italy

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